Exam Flashcards
How did the armed pilgrimage to the Holy Land we call the Crusades lead to an European age of exploration?
a. Europeans wanted to find a route to Asian markets that didn’t involve enriching Middle Eastern Muslims at the expense of Christians
b. Europeans wanted to essentially wage economic warfare against the Muslim-occupied Middle East
c. it engendered amongst the Crusaders specifically and Europeans at large a sense of adventure and wanderlust
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Where did the Vikings establish at least two settlements that have been archaeologically confirmed on the North American mainland?
a. Mexico
b. California
c. Newfoundland
d. Virginia
c. Newfoundland
Europeans had been traveling to and trading with Asia since
a. ancient Greece
b. Marco Polo traveled to the court of Kublai Khan
c. Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa and reached India
d. the Catholic Church and the Carolingians stabilized Europe after the fall of the Western half of the Roman Empire
a. Ancient Greece
What had prevented Europeans from attempting westward voyages prior to the Age of Exploration with the vigor witnessed during the 15th and 16th centuries?
a. Europeans believed the Earth was flat
b. Europeans were afraid of dangerous sea monsters; thus, why they placed such creatures on all their maps
c. Europeans were too busy on pilgrimages
d. Europeans did not know the circumference of the Earth
d. Europeans did not know the circumference of the Earth
Which of the following contributed to an age of exploration in Europe?
a. space race
b. spice race
c. Black Death
d. Enlightenment
d. Enlightenment
Where did Portugal attempt to explore first?
a. down and around the African coast
b. west and theoretically the most direct route to Asia
c. north and through the Arctic in search of the Northwest Passage
d. southeast around South America
a. down and around the African coast
Which European power ushered in the Age of Exploration?
a. Spain
b. England
c. Italy
d. Portugal
d. Portugal
Which of the following was not a piece of technology that allowed for an age of exploration to occur?
a. trebuchet
b. knot system
c. magnetic compass
d. astrolabe
a. Trebuchet
Who first sailed the African coast successfully?
a. Christopher Columbus
b. John Cabot
c. Vasco da Gama
d. Amerigo Vespucci
c. Vasco da Gama
What was Christopher Columbus’s goal in his venture of exploration to Asia?
a. personal fortune and glory
b. renown for Genoa
c. renown for Spain
d. to use the riches of Asia and the Asian people themselves in an ultimate and final confrontation with the Muslim Middle East in which the Christian West would permanently gain control of the region
d. to use the riches of Asia and the Asian people themselves in an ultimate and final confrontation with the Muslim Middle East in which the Christian West would permanently gain control of the region
How did Amerigo Vespucci finally make Europeans realize the “New World,” as it would now be called, was not in fact India, China, or another part of Asia?
a. he hoarded the continent’s supply of gold and refused to relinquish it to the market unless Europeans acknowledged the “New World” as indeed a new world
b. he sailed down the Central and South American coast, sketching the coastline by hand and realized the coastlines did not in any way resemble Asia
c. being a philologist he learned the languages of many Native American tribes, who described this new land to him; based on their descriptions he immediately recognized it as a “New World”
d. being a geologist, he had geology samples from Asia and after comparing them with samples from what we know is Central and South America, he immediately recognized these lands were a “New World”
b. he sailed down the Central and South American coast, sketching the coastline by hand and realized the coastlines did not in any way resemble Asia
c. being a philologist he learned the languages of many Native American tribes, who described this new land to him; based on their descriptions he immediately recognized it as a “New World”
Why is John Cabot’s exploration(s) known mundanely as a “rediscovery”?
a. he simply retraced the footsteps of the Vikings
b. he sailed for only a few hundred miles then turned back around for England
c. he found land that already had Europeans living on it
d. he found a lost Viking settlement with Viking descendants still living there
a. he simply retraced the footsteps of the Vikings
What was one example in which La Isabela forecast the future relationship between Europeans and American Indians?
a. it would be peaceful and Europeans and natives would find a way to coexist
b. natives would conquer Europeans
c. Europeans and natives would spread unknown pathogens to one another but the toll would be far greater on the natives than Europeans
d. Europeans would decide the New World could not be colonized as Native Americans were already inhabiting the land and return home to their respective European countries and principalities
c. Europeans and natives would spread unknown pathogens to one another but the toll would be far greater on the natives than Europeans
Which of the following was not a reason Cortés was able to conquer the Aztec Empire, despite being at a massive numerical disadvantage?
a. war dogs (mastiffs)
b. enlisting the aid of other native peoples who were only too willing to strike at the barbaric Aztecs
c. giving of blankets containing smallpox to Aztecs
d. technologies such as firearms and artillery
c. giving of blankets containing smallpox to Aztecs
Which quotation best characterizes the Catholic missionary response to the brutality natives experienced under the Spanish encomienda system?
a. “Are these Indians not men? Do they not have rational souls?”
b. “Subject them to the lash, for the Lord your God will reward you for your vigor.”
c. “A heathen saved from idleness is brought closer to God.”
d. “They are not men; the Christian is to have dominion over the beasts of the field.”
a. “Are these Indians not men? Do they not have rational souls?”
Which of the following models characterizes the Spanish method of colonization?
a. entire families and/or communities emigrating from Spain seeking new opportunities
b. young, single women seeking economic opportunities leaving Spain for a better life
c. religious dissidents seeking freedom from persecution
d. extraction of precious ores, stones, and other valuable resources in order to pay off crippling national debt, without any interest in permanent colonial settlement
d. extraction of precious ores, stones, and other valuable resources in order to pay off crippling national debt, without any interest in permanent colonial settlement
Who comprised the majority of Maryland’s population?
a. Catholics
b. Protestants
c. Jews
d. Muslims
d. Muslims
Which of the following is not true about the Spanish castas system?
a. introduced the fictitious concept of “race”
b. higher an individual was in the castas hierarchy the more privileges he/she had
c. pure-blooded Spaniards were at the top of the hierarchy
d. mixed-ancestry colonists were at the top of the hierarchy because they comprised the majority of the population
d. mixed-ancestry colonists were at the top of the hierarchy because they comprised the majority of the population
Why did Spain take such a “hands-on” approach in its dealings with the colonies?
a. Spain didn’t; Spain was very “hands-off”
b. Spain was attempting to prevent colonial independence
the Catholic Church forced Spain to assert itself more forcefully over its wayward colonies
c. Spain was England’s rival and as such did the opposite of whatever d. England did; ergo, since England was extremely “hands-off” with her colonies, Spain was very “hands-on”
b. Spain was attempting to prevent colonial independence
the Catholic Church forced Spain to assert itself more forcefully over its wayward colonies
Which of the following was not a typical Spanish colonist?
a. soldier
b. Catholic missionary
c. woman
d. government administrator
c. Woman
What was the human cost to Hernando de Soto’s southeastern expedition?
a. the loss of most of the Spaniards accompanying him
b. the utter destruction of the Mississippian Indian culture, one of the larger native cultures in the New World
c. the destruction of the Catholic missions in Florida
d. the utter destruction of the Pueblo Indian culture, one of the larger native cultures in the New World
d. the utter destruction of the Pueblo Indian culture, one of the larger native cultures in the New World
Which of the following was not a way in which the Catholic Church responded to mistreatment and enslavement of American Indians and Africans?
a. official pronouncements affirming the humanity and dignity of American Indians and Africans and denouncing the slave trade
b. official pronouncements repudiating forced conversions to Christianity as well as violence and enslavement committed upon those who resisted evangelization
c. “behind the scenes” negotiations with nominally Catholic nations such as France and Spain to legally institute codes designed to humanize slaves and grant them a significant number of rights
d. official pronouncement slavery of non-Christians was acceptable
d. official pronouncement slavery of non-Christians was acceptable
Which of the following was not a consequence of the French fur trade in Canada?
a. alcoholism among the region’s Indians with a corresponding spike in violence
b. financial wealth for the region’s Indians
c. massive decrease in a number of animal species, prompting the region’s Indians to search further and further for furs and leading to violence with other Indian tribes and bands over territorial rights
d. increase in warfare among the region’s Indians as those with French weaponry attacked those without
b. financial wealth for the region’s Indians
Unlike the Spanish or English, why did the French have a generally more positive relationship with the Indians they encountered?
a. they didn’t; the French relationship with the Indians was just as hostile as it was for the Spanish and English
b. the French possessed a huge numerical advantage over the regional Indians, thus intimidating them into submission
c. the Indians in the region were actually related to the French, being descendants from an earlier French voyage
d. the French were very few in number, took up little land thus causing minimal disruption to native life, and required the Indians to do the grunt work of the fur trade
d. the French were very few in number, took up little land thus causing minimal disruption to native life, and required the Indians to do the grunt work of the fur trade
