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PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 1 (2016) > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Steps of the Scientific Method

A
  1. Identify questions
  2. Develop theory
  3. Create hypothesis
  4. Test theory
  5. Report findings
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2
Q

Definition of IV

A

Independent Variable
Is a variable that can’t be changed, it is set and is factual.
Characteristics of a psychology experiment that has been manipulated or changed.

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3
Q

Definition of DV

A

Dependant Variable
The DV depends on the IV, and its value changes as the IV changes.
A dependent variable is what is being measured in an experiment.

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4
Q

Definition of EV

A

Extraneous Variable

A variable other than the IV that can change the DV. This variable is usually unwanted.

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5
Q

Definition of CV

A

Confounding Variable

A variable other than the DV that can change the DV. This variable can be controlled.

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6
Q

What is the difference between the E-Group and the C-Group?

A

• E Group IS exposed to the IV
• C group ISN’T exposed to the IV
Used as a comparison.

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7
Q

What is the repeated measures design?

A

The same participants take part in each condition of the independent variable.
Each participant is part of both the E-Group and the C-Group.

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8
Q

What is he matched participant design?

A

Separate experimental groups are used for each particular treatment, but every subject in one group is matched with an equivalent in another. One pair must be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group.

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9
Q

What is the independent group design?

A

Different participants are used in each condition of the independent variable. Allocates participants to the E-Group or the C-Group at random.

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10
Q

What is the Placebo Effect?

A

(Little boy falls over, not a scratch, mum puts bandaid over it anyone, he feels better)
Uses a fake independent variable and the results are then compared to authentic.

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11
Q

What is the Experimenter Effect

A

The experimenters influence on he subject.

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12
Q

Forebrain

A

Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Thalamus

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13
Q

Midbrain

A

Reticular formation

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14
Q

Hindbrain

A

Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

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15
Q

What branches off of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic, autonomic

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16
Q

What branches off the Somatic system?

A

Sensory Neuron and the Motor Neuron

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17
Q

What branches off the autonomic system?

A

Sympathetic, and the parasympathetic

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18
Q

What does the Sensory Neuron do?

A

Sends messages from sense organs and receptor sites to the brain.

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19
Q

What does the motor Neuron do?

A

Carries messages away from the CNS to the muscles to then enable movement.

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20
Q

What does the sympathetic system do?

A

Prepares for action.

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21
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do?

A

Calms down after high.

Homeostasis

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22
Q

Medulla

A

Controls heartbeat, breathing and other vital bodily functions.

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23
Q

Cerebellum

A

Perception and cognition, balance, and fine muscle control.

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24
Q

Pons

A

Movement, sleeping, dreams and waking.

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25
Q

Reticular Formation

A

The sleep/wake cycle

26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates emotions, sleep, and body temperature.

27
Q

Thalamus

A

Communicates with the ears, eyes, skin, and other sensory organs.

28
Q

what does FPOT stand for?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal

29
Q

What does MSVA stand for?

A

Motor, Somatosensory, Visual, and Auditory.

30
Q

What does the term Contralateral mean?

A

The hemispheres of the brain control the contralateral sides of the body. So the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.

31
Q

What does hemispheric specialisation mean?

A

The left and right hemispheres of the brain are better at different things.

32
Q

Hemispheric Specialisation: LEFT

A 
Writing
Logic
Language
Science
Maths
33
Q

Hemispheric Specialisation: RIGHT

A 
Art
Music
Dance
Fantasy
Perception
34
Q

What is the definition of plasticity?

A

When the brain changes as a result of stimulation from the environment.

35
Q

What is developmental plasticity?

A

The ability of the synapses to be modified, occurs mainly in babies, children and adolescents

36
Q

What is Adaptive plasticity?

A

The ability of synapses to change, adapt and grow throughout life.

37
Q

What are the five stages of developmental plasticity?

A 
Proliferation
Migration
Circuit Formation
Synaptic Pruning
Myelination
38
Q

What is Synaptogenesis?

A

The formation of synapses between Neurons in the nervous system.

39
Q

What are some common causes of Brain damage?

A
  • Stroke
  • Surgery
  • Aneurysm
  • Tumour
40
Q

What is the definition of aphasia?

A

Impairment of language caused by damage to the brain, usually a stroke.

41
Q

Broca’s Symptoms

A
  • Non-Fluent language
  • Articulation difficulties
  • Difficulty writing
42
Q

Wernicke’s Symptoms

A
  • Speech is fluent
  • Nonsense words are used
  • Difficulty understanding written and spoken language.
43
Q

What is Spatial Neglect?

A

When a person systematically ignores stimuli on one side of their body, usually the left. Damage is to the right parietal lobe, eyes function normally
eg. Only eats food on the right side of their plate.

44
Q

Why is Split Brain Surgery performed?

A

To stop communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Stops or reduces epileptic seizures.

45
Q

What is Commisurotomy?

A

The name given to the split brain surgery, in which the Corpus Callosum is severed.

46
Q

What is the Corpus Callosum?

A

A thick band of 200 million nerve fibres connecting the left and right hemispheres.

47
Q

Physical Development

A

The way in which our bodies grow change and develop through our lifetime

48
Q

Cognitive development

A

The construction of our thought process, the development of our mental ability throughout our lives.

49
Q

Emotional Development

A

Refers to a child’s growing ability to regulate and control emotions.

50
Q

Social Development

A

Refers to how people develop social and emotional skills to then form positive relationships with family, friends, ect.

51
Q

Inborn reflexes

A

Automatic response to stimuli that was never learned.

52
Q

Developmental Norms

A

Average age a certain behaviour or skill is achieved.

53
Q

What is the difference between maturation and learning?

A

Learning occurs when a person aquires knowledge, where as maturation takes place over time.

54
Q

Critical Period

A

A period in life when certain experiences must happen for normal development to proceed.
They begin and end abruptly.

55
Q

Sensitive Period

A

A time when we are particularly suited to learn things due to the nature of the growing brain.

56
Q

DefinItion of attachment

A

A strong emotional connection that helps explain development and personality.

57
Q

Definition of privation

A

When attachment never occurs and a child never forms a close relationship with anyone.

58
Q

Harry Harlow

A

Monkey experiment - shows that feeding and nourishment do not create attachment, contact and comfort is more important.

59
Q

Ainsworth

A

Strange situation experiment

60
Q

What are the three attachment styles in the strange situation experiment?

A

Insecure Avoidant
Secure
Insecure Resistant

61
Q

What are the four stages of Piaget’s cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

62
Q

Maladaptive behaviour

A

When someone shows or acts in an unhelpful way

PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 1 (2016) (3 decks)

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