exam

Question 1

Chinoiserie

Answer 1

the imitation or evocation of Chinese motifs and techniques in Western art, furniture, and architecture, especially in the 18th century.

Question 2

Feng Shui

Answer 2

a system of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation in relation to the flow of energy (qi), and whose favorable or unfavorable effects are taken into account when siting and designing buildings.

Question 3

Gopura

Answer 3

monumental tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of any temple, especially in Southern India. This forms a prominent feature of Koils, Hindu temples of the Dravidian style.

Question 4

Japonisme

Answer 4

influence of Japanese art, fashion and aesthetics on Western culture. The term is used particularly to refer to Japanese influence on European art, especially in impressionism.

Question 5

Kabuki theatre

Answer 5

classical Japanese dance-drama. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers.

Question 6

Lacquer

Answer 6

a liquid made of shellac dissolved in alcohol, or of synthetic substances, that dries to form a hard protective coating for wood, metal, etc.

Question 7

Mandapa

Answer 7

a general gathering area in an Indian temple that is comparable to the narthex of a western church

Question 8

Meisho-e

Answer 8

sites in Japan which are famous for their associations with specific poetic or literary references.

Question 9

Swadeshi Movement

Answer 9

“ingeniously manufactured”, nationalist movement, self-reliant, small-scale industry, sustainability,

Question 10

Qi

Answer 10

the circulating life force whose existence and properties are the basis of much Chinese philosophy and medicine.

Question 11

Masquerade

Answer 11

a party, dance, or other festive gathering of persons wearing masks and other disguises, and often elegant, historical, or fantastic costumes.

Question 12

Dry stone construction

Answer 12

wall constructed from stones without mortar to bind them together. As with any dry stone construction, the structural integrity arises from compressional forces and the interlocking of the stones.

Question 13

Lost-wax casting (cire-perdue)

Answer 13

molten metal is poured into a mold that has been created by means of a wax model. Once the mold is made, the wax model is melted and drained away.

Question 14

Scarification

Answer 14

scratching, etching, burning / branding, or superficially cutting designs, pictures, or words into the skin as a permanent body modification.

Question 15

Appropriation

Answer 15

the artistic practice or technique of reworking images from well-known paintings, photographs, etc., in one’s own work.

Question 16

Assemblage

Answer 16

a work of art made by grouping found or unrelated objects.

Question 17

Counterculture

Answer 17

a way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm.

Question 18

Culture Wars

Answer 18

In the United States and the United Kingdom, culture war refers to a conflict between traditionalist or conservative values and progressive or liberal values.

Question 19

Happenings

Answer 19

a partly improvised or spontaneous piece of theatrical or other artistic performance, typically involving audience participation.

Question 20

High culture / Low culture

Answer 20

Most people are aware of a distinction between high and low art. High art is appreciated by those with the most cultivated taste. Low art is for the masses, accessible and easily comprehended. The concept of high and low can be traced back to 18th century ideas about fine art and craft.

Question 21

Fête galante

Answer 21

an outdoor entertainment or rural festival, especially as depicted in 18th-century French painting.

Question 22

Sublime

Answer 22

of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.

Question 23

Salons

Answer 23

an annual exhibition of the work of living artists held by the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris, originally in the Salon d’Apollon in the Louvre in 1667.

Question 24

Romanticism

Answer 24

a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Question 25

Rococo

Answer 25

characterized by an elaborately ornamental late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-century Continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving motifs and scrollwork.

Question 26

Orientalism

Answer 26

the representation of Asia, especially the Middle East, in a stereotyped way that is regarded as embodying a colonialist attitude.

Question 27

Neoclassicism

Answer 27

the revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, architecture, or music.

Question 28

Lithography

Answer 28

the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.

Question 29

Art Nouveau

Answer 29

a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms.

Question 30

Avant-garde

Answer 30

new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

Question 31

Beaux-Arts architecture

Answer 31

Based on ideas taught at the legendary École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the Beaux Arts style flourished between 1885 and 1920.

Question 32

Chicago School

Answer 32

the groundbreaking skyscraper architecture developed during the period 1879-1910

Question 33

Daguerreotype

Answer 33

a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapor.

Question 34

Divisionism/pointillism

Answer 34

Divisionism was the characteristic style in Neo-Impressionist painting defined by the separation of colors into individual dots or patches which interacted optically. Georges Seurat founded the style and believed it achieved the maximum luminosity scientifically possible.

Question 35

Historicism

Answer 35

excessive regard for past styles.

Question 36

En plein air

Answer 36

creating a work of art outside.

Question 37

biomorphic

Answer 37

art movement that began in the 20th century. It models artistic design elements on naturally occurring patterns or shapes reminiscent of nature and living organisms.

Question 38

cantilever

Answer 38

rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at only one end to a (usually vertical) support from which it is protruding. Cantilevers can also be constructed with trusses or slabs.

Question 39

collage

Answer 39

a piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric onto a backing.

Question 40

curtain wall

Answer 40

a wall that encloses the space within a building but does not support the roof, typically on a modern high-rise.

Question 41

nonrepresentational

Answer 41

(of a style of art) not intended to present an accurate depiction of the physical appearance of people or things.

Question 42

readymade

Answer 42

The readymades of Marcel Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified, as an antidote to what he called “retinal art”. By simply choosing the object (or objects) and repositioning or joining, titling and signing it, the Found object became art.

Question 43

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Answer 43

a group of English 19th-century artists, including Holman Hunt, Millais, and D. G. Rossetti, who consciously sought to emulate the simplicity and sincerity of the work of Italian artists from before the time of Raphael.

Question 44

Symbolism

Answer 44

an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. It originated in late 19th century France and Belgium