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Metaphysics And Epistemology > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is empiricism?

A

Empiricists believe that our most reliable knowledge comes from sense experience

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2
Q

Who are 3 great continental rationalists?

A

Descartes
Spinoza
Leibniz

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3
Q

Who are 3 great British empiricists?

A

Locke
Berkely
Hume

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4
Q

What main problems did empiricism lead to?

A

Empiricism lead to skepticism. The idea that I can only know my own sense impression at the present moment

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5
Q

What main problems did rationalism lead to?

A

It lead to Dogmatism. The clash of contradictory rationalist worldviews

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6
Q

What are the 5 problems of reality?

A 
Ontology 
God
Afterlife
Free will
Mind-body
Personal identity
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7
Q

What is Descartes ontology?

A

Substance dualist

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8
Q

What is Descartes view of God

A

Monotheist

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9
Q

What’s Descartes afterlife?

A

Disembodied survival

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10
Q

What’s Descartes free will?

A

Libertarian

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11
Q

What’s Descartes mind-body?

A

Interactionist dualist

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12
Q

What’s Descartes personal identity?

A

Realist

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13
Q

What’s Locke’s ontology?

A

Substance dualist

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14
Q

What’s Locke’s view of God?

A

Monotheist

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15
Q

What’s Locke’s view of afterlife?

A

Some kind of survival

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16
Q

What’s Locke’s free will?

A

Libertarian

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17
Q

What’s Locke’s mind body?

A

Interactionist dualist

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18
Q

What’s Locke’s personal identity?

A

Immaterial reductionist

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19
Q

What’s Kants ontology?

A

Agnostic

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20
Q

What’s Kants view of God

A

Optimistic agnostic

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21
Q

What’s Kants view of afterlife

A

Optimistic agnostic

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22
Q

What’s Kants view of free will?

A

Libertarian

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23
Q

What’s Kants mind-body?

A

Agnostic

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24
Q

What’s Kants personal identity?

A

Realist

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25
Q

What’s materialist’s ontology?

A

Materialists

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26
Q

What’s materialist’s view of God?

A

Atheists

27
Q

What’s materialist’s view of afterlife?

A

No survival

28
Q

What’s materialist’s view of free will?

A

Determinists or compatiblists

29
Q

What’s materialist’s mind body?

A

Identity theorists
Functionalists
Property dualists

30
Q

What’s materialist’s personal identity?

A

Material reductionists

31
Q

What are the 5 problems of epistemology?

A 
Reliability of knowledge
Structure of knowledge 
Source of knowledge
Attainable level of knowledge
Justification of knowledge
32
Q

What’s Descartes reliability of knowledge?

A

Infallibilist about all knowledge

33
Q

Descartes structure of knowledge?

A

Foundationalist.

34
Q

Descartes source of knowledge

A

Rationalist

35
Q

Descartes attainable level of knowledge

A

Realist

36
Q

Descartes justification of knowledge

A

Internalist

37
Q

Locke’s reliability of knowledge

A

Infallibilist

38
Q

Locke’s structure of knowledge

A

Foundationalist

39
Q

Locke’s source of knowledge

A

Empiricist

40
Q

Locke’s attainable level of knowledge

A

Realist

41
Q

Locke’s justification of knowledge

A

Internalist

42
Q

Kants reliability of knowledge?

A

Infallibilist

43
Q

Kants structure of knowledge?

A

Foundationalist

44
Q

Kants source of knowledge?

A

Kantian structuralist

45
Q

Kants attainable level of knowledge

A

Anti-realist

46
Q

Kants justification of knowledge

A

Internalist

47
Q

Materialist’s reliability of knowledge

A

Fallibilists about empirical knowledge

48
Q

Materialist’s structure of knowledge

A

Mix of foundationalists and coherantists and pragmatists.

49
Q

Materialist’s source of knowledge

A

Explanationists (inference)

50
Q

Materialist’s attainable level of knowledge

A

Realists

51
Q

Materialist’s justification of knowledge

A

Both internalists and externalists

52
Q

What is rationalism?

A

Rationalists believe our most reliable knowledge comes from self-evident truths of reason

53
Q

What two types of knowledge did David Hume think we can have?

Provide examples

A
  1. Matters of fact, known by sense perception

Snow is white

  1. Relations of ideas, known by reason

Circles are round

54
Q

Which 3 types of knowledge did Kant think we can have?

A
  1. Analytic (circles are round)
  2. Synthetic a posteriori (snow is white)
  3. Synthetic a priori (every event has a cause)
55
Q

What’s Hume’s reason that all circles are round?

A

A relation of idea, known by reason

56
Q

What’s Kants reason by all circles are round?

A

An analytic truth, known by experience

57
Q

What’s Hume’s reason that some days are sunny?

A

A matter of fact, known by sense perception

58
Q

What’s Kants reason why some days of the year are sunny

A

An empirical truth, known by experience

59
Q

What’s Hume’s reasons why I don’t have a unitary self that remains the same over time?

A

Neither a matter of fact known by sense perception nor a relation of ideas known by reason

60
Q

What’s Kants reason why I have a unitary self that remains the same over time?

A

A synthetic a priori truth, known as a necessary condition for our experience to make sense

61
Q

What’s Hume’s reason why there is not a necessary connection between events and their causes

A

Neither a matter of fact known by sense perception not a relation of ideas known by reason

62
Q

What’s Kants reason why there’s a necessary connection between events and their causes?

A

A synthetic a priori truth, known as a necessary condition for our experience to make sense

63
Q

How does Kant resolve the conflict between rationalism and empiricism?

A

Kant combines rationalist and empiricist ideas. Sensory input from the external world supplies the content of our experience, whereas reason-in the form of ordering principles of our minds- supplies the structure of our experience.

64
Q

How does Kant reconcile free will with universal causation?

A

Kant distinguishes the phenomenal world of our experience from the noumenal world of things in themselves. Causation is an ordering principle of our own mind and therefore applies only to the phenomenal world. We may reasonably hope that the noumenal world is not causally determined but rationally ordered

Metaphysics And Epistemology (1 decks)

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