Exam #5- Musculoskeletal Physiology Flashcards
osteoblasts
bone FORMING cells
bone MAKERS
become osteocytes that are imbedded in bone
form new bone and synthesize osteoid (un-mineralized portion of bone matrix that becomes mature bone)
the formation of new bone
osteoclasts
bone RESORBING
bone BREAKERS
they’re attached to itegrins by podosomes- which helps bind to bone
secretes HCl and protease enzyme which leads to the resorption of bone (dissolves bone minerals and collagenase)
they “rest” when they’re not resorbing
bone resorption
osteocytes
bone MAINTAINING
these coordinate osteoblast and clast function
they respond to PTH
bone maintenace
compact bone
“cortical bone”
the main part of skeleton
solid and strong
consists of HAVERSIAN SYSTEM (structural unit)
surrounds spongy bone
spongy bone
“cancellous bone”
filled with RED marrow
no haversian system
TRABECULAE: plates or bars instead
EPIPHYSIS= RED marrow
found in the long bones and surrounded by compact bone
diaphsysis
contains yellow marrow
what is the importance of the bone element, ground substance?
diffusion of substances between the bond and blood vessels
which part of the bone contains the yellow marrow?
diaphysis
bone healing
it heals itself
bone remodeling
periosteal and endosteal surfaces are remodeled to size/shape of bone before injury
phases of bone remodeling
activation, resorption, formation of new bone (aka secondary bone)- 3-4 months
resting, resorption (osteoclast), reversal (macrophage), formation (osteoblast), mineralization (lining cell, osteocytes)
hematoma forms, fibrocartilage callus forms, bone callus forms, bone remodeling occurs
what is the final step in formation of bone?
mineralization
movement based joint classifaction
synarthrosis- immovable
amphiarthrosis- slightly movable (amphi=both)
diarthrosis- freely movable
what type of joint is classified as immovable?
synarthrosis
structure based classification of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
fibrous joints
bone to bone
ex: sutures in skill
directly connected to bone by dense fibrous connective tissue