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EMT Basic > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

When food, is put into the mouth and chewed

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2
Q

How does the salivary glands aid in digestion?

A

The salivary glands secrete saliva & begin to break down the food.

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3
Q

What does the stomach contain in break down food?

A

Gastric Juices (Enzymes)

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4
Q

What is regulatory system regulates peristalsis?

A
  1. Peristalsis moves the waste matter through the intestines, water is absorbed and stool is formed.
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5
Q

Inflammation is peritoneum form blood/pus, bacteria that leaks into the cavity is called?

A

Peritonitis

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6
Q

Urinary tract infections are common in_____?

A

Women

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7
Q

Signs and Symptoms of UTI

A

Urgency and frequency in urination & pain and pressure around the bladder

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8
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

A

Early abdominal pain tends to be vague and poorly localized

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9
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder is called?

A

Cholecystitis

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10
Q

What causes pancreatis?

A

Obstructing gallstones, alcohol abuse, and other diseases

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11
Q

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called;

A

referred pain

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12
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Ulcers

A

Nausea, vomiting, belching, heartburn

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13
Q

A 47 year old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours duration. His abdomen is distended an guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

Treat the patient for shock

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14
Q

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct:

A

If a patient misses a dialysis treatment, weakness and pulmonary edema can be the first in series of conditions that can become progressively more serious

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15
Q

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

A

Pancreas

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16
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

A

Back pain (tearing), acute peritoneal irritation, hemorrhagic shock.

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17
Q

A 59 year old male presents with sudden-onset server lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

A

Administer oxygen, cover the patient with a blanker for warmth, and provide gentle transport for the patient without delay

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18
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Vomiting of bright red blood

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19
Q

A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as

A

Diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA)

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20
Q

The tow main types of cells contained in blood are called

A

Erythrocytes (red) and Leukocytes (white)

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21
Q

A 37 year old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dl. If the patients condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop

A

Irreversible renal failure

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22
Q

In contact to type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes:

A

Resistance to the effects of insulin at the cellular level

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23
Q

Onset of Type 1 Diabetes

A

Gradual (hours to days)

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24
Q

Onset of Type 2 Diabetes

A

Rapid (within minutes)

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25
Q

Classic Signs and Symptoms of hypoglycemia include

A

normal rapid respiration, weak and rapid pulse, pale and clammy skin

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26
Q

Indications for the use of Oral Glucose

A

Low Blood Glucose (hypoglycemia)

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27
Q

Contraindication of Oral

A

Inability to swallow and unconsciousness

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28
Q

Dosage of Oral Glucose

A

1/2 - 1 tube

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29
Q

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

A

The risk of aspiration in a patient who does not have a gag reflex is substantial

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30
Q

During your assessment of a 19 year old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

A

He has hemophilia A, an intravenous factor VII replacement infusion that helps the blood clot

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31
Q

You are treating a 40 year old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dl. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation form your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment of this patient includes:

A

Insulin

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32
Q

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient

A

Takes to much of his/her prescribed insulin

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33
Q

Excessive eating caused by cellular “hunger” is called

A

Polyphagia

34
Q

What are the three P’s?

A

Policy, Procedure, and Process

35
Q

What are allergens and antigens:

A

Allergen: any substance that exposed for the 1st time in the immune system
Antigens: Poison

36
Q

What is a local reaction when expose to allergens?

A

The skin

37
Q

When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so_______.

A

Within the first 30 mins

38
Q

What type of shock is Anaphylaxis?

A

Anaphylactic Shock

39
Q

At the site of the injury, signs an symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and wheal, which appears as_____.

A

Raised, swollen, well defined area of the skin

40
Q

Indication for the use of Albuterol?

A

Asthma, difficulty breathing, and wheezing

41
Q

Contraindication for Albuterol?

A

Hypersensitivity, tachycardia (relative), chest pain of cardio origin

42
Q

Dosage for Albuterol?

A

1-2 inhalations and wait 5 mins before repeating dose

43
Q

Which of the following signs and symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction?

A

Chest tightness and coughing

44
Q

After administering 0.3mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22 year old woman with an allergic reaction, you not improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardia. You should:

A

Monitor and recall anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine

45
Q

Urticaria is the medical term for:

A

Hives

46
Q

A 37 year old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of the patient?

A

Administer o2, rapid transport, and request for ALS and Paramedic to intercept

47
Q

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

A

Stridor, a harsh high pitched sound heard in the upper airway (near the vocal cords and throat)

48
Q

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within ____ following administration

A

1 min

49
Q

How do poisons typically act to harm the body?

A

By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them

50
Q

Action of Activated Charcoal?

A

Absorbs toxic substances in the digestive tract

51
Q

Indication for use of Activated Charcoal?

A

Decreased of consciousness, overdose of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances.

52
Q

Dosage for Activated Charcoal?

A

1-2 g/kg

53
Q

Victims of inhaled poisoning will require which of the following?

A

Require prompt transport to an emergency department

54
Q

Most poisonings occur via the ____ route.

A

Ingestion

55
Q

Which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinent during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance?

A

Why was the substance ingested?

56
Q

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should

A

Take appropriate standard precautions

57
Q

Indications for Narcan?

A

0.4 mg autoinjector 2 mg IV

58
Q

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include?

A

Ventilate the patient using a BVM prior to administering naloxone.

59
Q

Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?

A

BP 250/150 mm Hg and a high pulse rate

60
Q

A 49 year old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patients wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

A

Delirium tremens (DTs)

61
Q

Why might EMT’s encounter a larger proportion of violent patients than the population at large?

A

EMTs respond to patients who, by definition, are having an emergency.

62
Q

A behavioral crisis interferes with which of the following?

A

Activities of daily living
Behavior that is acceptable to the community
Dressing, eating, or bathing

63
Q

When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?

A

Any behaviors that are a violent threat to the patient, EMTs, or others

64
Q

What is organic brain syndrome?

A

A temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain caused by a disturbance in the physical or physiologic functioning of the brain tissue

65
Q

Which of the following is considered an organic brain syndrome?

A

Diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer dementia

66
Q

Which of the following terms applies to a state of delusion in which the patient is out of touch with reality:

A

Psychosis

67
Q

Psychiatric emergency arises, what are the signs?

A

Agitation or violence

68
Q

Justifiable reasons for feeling depressed:

A

Divorce or the death of a relative or friend

69
Q

You are assessing a 45 year old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should yo manage this situation?

A

Ask the patient if she had developed a suicidal plan

70
Q

A 38 year old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells yo that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

A

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

71
Q

You are attending to a 32 year old male patient. The patients wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself rom his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience is Afghanistan is:

A

“Were you shot at or under fire?”

72
Q

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

A

Fallopian tubes

73
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the:

A

Urinary bladder

74
Q

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:

A

Normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms

75
Q

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

A

They generally present as painful urination

76
Q

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

A

They generally present as painful urination

77
Q

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

A

given the option to being treated by a female EMT

78
Q

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

A

has gathered patient history information

79
Q

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMTs main focus should be to:

A

ABCs and transport without delay

80
Q

Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?

A

Rape is legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.

EMT Basic (2 decks)

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