exam 5 Flashcards
which of the following best explains the Darwinian reason why the insect-eating finch has such a long narrow beak?
Variations existed in the finch population. long/narrow beaks= easier to grab food(survive longer/reproduce more)
Who might have said this: “everday finches, who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks; this shape was then passed down”
lamrack (theory of use and disuse) (THINK OF GIRAFFES)
for evolution by natural selection to occur, which of the following must be true?
- variation in a trait must exist
- the trait must be heritable
- the trait must ultimately affect reproductive output
liana plants produce rotenone bc…
- some plants had a mutation and that allowed for rotenone production, but also for more offspring to be produced with rotenone
keeping the definition of evolution in mind, is mutation another mechanism of evolution, like natural selection?
yes, mutation can produce new alleles to the population
in which of the following respects is artificial selection distinct from natural selection?
artificial selection doesnt rely exclusively on the environment to determine relative survival/reproductive rates
natural selection can add new alleles to a population that were not present in the previous generation?
false, natural selection is an editor, it cant generate new alleles
which of the following evolutionary mechanism increases the amount of genetic variations in a population?
mutation
considering natural selection, what would you predict would occur to the population of long legged anoles when put in an environment of short plants?
they would get shorter
a higher proportion of the cats on key west have extra toes compared to cats on the north american mainland: Whats the most likely explanation?
Founder affect (when you see the word island and their is no benefit to said trait, just choose founder affect)
The biological species concept relies on a disruption of which microevolutionary force?
gene flow
the offspring of 2 organisms does not live long (if at all)
reduced hybrid viability(post-zygotic)
the offspring of 2 organisms cannot reproduce(sterile)
reduced hybrid fertility(post-zygotic)
2 organisms mate at different times of the year…
temporal isolation(pre-zygotic)
the sperm of one organisms is unable to fertilize the egg of another
gametic isolation(pre-zygotic)
two organisms have non-compatible genitalia
mechanical isolation(pre-zygotic)
the offspring of 2 organisms can reproduce, but its own offspring are sterile
hybrid breakdown(post-zygotic)
2 organisms have diff mating rituals
behavioral isolation(pre-zygotic)
2 organisms live on diff islands
habitat isolation(pre-zygotic)
the behavioral isolating mechanisms between the sage grouse & the sharp tailed grouse parents of this hybrid failed. That failure led to birth of this hybrid. What mechanisms is operating now to prevent further interbreeding?
behavioral isolation
which reproductive isolating mechanisms separates the apple & hawthorn maggot fire?
temporal isolation (pre-zygotic barrier)
isolation-
population becomes genetically isolated
divergence-
population diverge in traits
reinforcement-
reproductive isolating mechanisms evolves between the population
