Exam 5 Flashcards
Insomnia
3x a week/ night for 3 months or longer
NREM I
Transition between wakefulness and sleep
Slow eye movements
Can be awakened easily
Relax but aware of surroundings
NREM II
Light sleep
Easily roused
Temperature, heart rate , and blood pressure decrease slightly
NREM III
deep sleep
If awakened may be confused
Vitals slow even more
Skeletal muscles relaxed
Snoring may occur
Important for healing growth and muscle tissue repair
Carbohydrates before bed..
Boost glucose levels , could wake you
REM
Highly active sleep
Lest restful than NREM sleep
Eye moved rapidly and small muscles twitch
Mental and emotional restoration
Metabolism pulse and blood pressure increase
Dreaming occurs
If awakened personal will react normally
Situational stress
Random unpredictable. Ex: hurricane
Anticipatory
The future EX, upcoming exam
Developmental stress
life STAGES
Physiological
Affects body structure of function
Psychosocial
External stresses like
Work
Family
Finances
General adaptation syndrome
Alarm stage , adaptation or resistance , recovery or exhaustion
Alarm stage
Increased BP & HR
increase depth of respiration
Increased energy
Resistance or recovery
Bodies attempt to maintain homeostasis
Parasympathetic nervous system on
Use of coping methods involved
Vital signs normal
Exhaustion stage
Decreased BP
increased HR and RR
depleted
Anxiety and fear release
Epinephrine
Nocturia
Individual wakes up at night to urinate
Straight catheter
Used for immediate drainage ex( sterile urine specimen ) take out after patient will void independently
Indwelling catheter
An indwelling catheter is a medical device that is inserted into the bladder and left in place to continuously drain urine. ( foley or retention catheter)
How many ml of fluid per day is recommended
1,500-2,000
Hypovolemia
Low blood volume could be
Dehydration
Symptoms : decreased urine output
Hypotension
Fast heart rate
Rise in temp
Hypervolemia
Excessive blood volume
Absorption of water / sodium
Elevated BP and RR
edema
Weight gain
Moist crackles in lung
Sodium
135-145
Regulates fluid volume
Kidneys transports
Potassium
3.5-5
Muscle contraction, cardiac conduction
Kidneys eliminate
Hyponatremia
Low sodium levels in the blood
Nausea
Vomiting
Muscle cramps twitching
Seizures
Hypernatremia
High sodium levels low water
Dehydration, increased water loss
Elevated temp
Dry mouth and sticky mucous membranes
Hypokalemia
Muscle weakness
Dysrhythmias
Nausea vomiting
Hypokalemia
Caused by renal failure
Muscle weakness
Indicator of imminent death
Fixed, dilated pupils
Nasal cannula
1-6 L/min
Skin breakdown mucous membranes
Patient can eat and talk w this
Simple face mask
6-12 L/min
Covers nose and mouth
Skin breakdown, greater risk for aspiration
Partial rebreather mask
6-11 L/min
Co2 buildup
Use with caution for patients who have airway obstruction
Non rebreather mask
10-15 L/min
Effective communicators are
Assertive
OARS communication pneumonic
- Open-Ended Questions:
• Encourage clients to provide more detailed and meaningful responses, fostering a deeper understanding of their thoughts and feelings.- Affirmations:
• Positive affirmations acknowledge and reinforce the client’s strengths, efforts, or positive behaviors, promoting a supportive and empowering environment. - Reflections:
• Reflective statements involve paraphrasing or summarizing what the client has said, demonstrating active listening and validating their experiences. - Summaries:
• Summaries bring together key points from the conversation, highlighting important information and facilitating a more comprehensive understanding.
- Affirmations:
Actual loss
Loss can be identified by others ex : theft , death of a loved one
Perceived loss
Loss is internal identified by the person experiencing it
Physical loss
Includes loss of mobility , organs , limbs
External losses
Objects that are important due to sentimental value
Mourning
Actions associated with grief
Crying etc
Kublers Ross
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
Palliative care
Palliative care is specialized medical care focused on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness. The goal of palliative care is to improve the quality of life for both the patient and their family. It is not limited to end-of-life care but can be initiated at any stage of a serious illness.
Hospice care
A provider must certify that a patient is likely to die within 6 months
Face death with dignity surrounded by families in the homes
Dorsal recumbent
Lying on the back with knees bent and and feet flat on bed
Prone
Lying on stomach
