Exam 5

Question 1

Avian Influenza (H7N9)

Answer 1

Caused by infected poultry or contaminated environment.

Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza Type A (CABI)

Question 2

Babesiosis

Answer 2

Caused by Babesia spec. protozoan parasites (e.g., Babesia

Babesiosis is caused by microscopic parasites that infect red blood cells and are spread by certain ticks.

Question 3

avian influenza H7N9

Answer 3

Most human infections with avian influenza viruses, including Asian H7N9 virus, occur after exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments.

Question 4

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Answer 4

Caused by bacterium called Staphylococcus aureus

Infection of the eye caused by certain bacteria

Question 5

Bubonic Plague

Answer 5

Caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis

A rare but serious bacterial infection that’s transmitted by fleas.
The bubonic plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. It can spread through contact with infected fleas.

Question 6

Candida auris

Answer 6

Also known as C. auris, it is a yeast (fungus)

Candida auris is a species of fungus that grows as yeast. It is one of the few species of the genus Candida which cause candidiasis in humans. Often, candidiasis is acquired in hospitals by patients with weakened immune systems.

Question 7

Chickenpox

Answer 7

A highly contagious viral infection causing an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin.
Chickenpox is highly contagious to those who haven’t had the disease or been vaccinated against it.

Question 8

Chlamydia

Answer 8

A common sexually transmitted infection that may not cause symptoms.
Chlamydia affects people of all ages but is most common in young women.

Question 9

diphtheria

Answer 9

an acute, highly contagious bacterial disease causing inflammation of the mucous membranes, formation of a false membrane in the throat that hinders breathing and swallowing, and potentially fatal heart and nerve damage by a bacterial toxin in the blood. It is now rare in developed countries because of immunization.

Question 10

E. coli Abdominal and Pelvic Infection.

Answer 10

Caused by Escherichia Coli

Abdominal infection in 1993 was the first hamburger at Jack in the Box
o Pelvic infection can be caused by non-infection STD organisms called E. Coli
o Urinary Tract Infection can be caused by E. Coli

Question 11

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

Answer 11

The Disease I would be talking about today would be the Simplex Virus Type 2
and the causative agent would be in the genital ulcerative infections and can be
passed through sexual contact or the antibodies being found but rarely before the age of sexual activity

Question 12

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 12

AIDS is a chronic immune system disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
HIV damages the immune system and interferes with the body’s ability to fight infection and disease. HIV can be spread through contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS, but medications can control the infection and prevent disease progression.

Question 13

Influenza A H1N1

Answer 13

Influenza is caused by the influenza A virus.

A human respiratory infection caused by an influenza strain that started in pigs.
Swine flu was first recognized in the 1919 pandemic and still circulates as a seasonal flu virus. Swine flu is caused by the H1N1 virus strain, which started in pigs.

Question 14

Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Causing
Japanese Encephalitis (JE)

Answer 14

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, a flavivirus, is closely related to West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. JE virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex species mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus.

Question 15

Leishmaniasis

Answer 15

Leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease that is transmitted by sand flies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa and the genus Leishmania. There are three main forms visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous.

Question 16

Lymphatic filariasis

Answer 16

also referred to as Elephantiasis

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease. Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. Infection is usually acquired in childhood and causes hidden damage to the lymphatic system.

Question 17

Malaria

Answer 17

A disease caused by a plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes.
The severity of malaria varies based on the species of plasmodium.

Question 18

Polio

Answer 18

Also called: poliomyelitis

A virus that may cause paralysis and is easily preventable by the polio vaccine.
Polio is transmitted through contaminated water and food or contact with an infected person.

Question 19

Salmonellosis

Answer 19

Salmonella

An infection with salmonella bacteria, commonly caused by contaminated food or water.
Salmonella is most common among children. People with compromised immune systems, such as older adults, babies, and people with AIDS, are more likely to have severe cases.

Question 20

Shigellosis

Answer 20

Shigella infection (shigellosis) is an intestinal infection caused by a family of bacteria known as shigella. The main sign of shigella infection is diarrhea, which often is bloody. Shigella is very contagious.

Question 21

Sporotrichosis

Answer 21

Sporotrichosis (also known as “rose gardener’s disease”) is an infection caused by a fungus called Sporothrix. This fungus lives throughout the world in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay. 1,2. People get sporotrichosis by coming in contact with the fungal spores in the environment.

Question 22

Tetanus

Answer 22

Tetanus by definition is a very serious bacterial infection which is caused by the neurotoxin
produced by bacterium Clostridium tetani called tetanospasmin.

Question 23

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 23

Also called: toxoplasma

A disease that results from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite.
Toxoplasmosis results from infection with a common parasite found in cat feces and contaminated food. It can cause serious complications for pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems.

Question 24

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 24

A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
The bacteria that cause TB are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Question 25

​​​Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis)

Answer 25

An infection with the fungus coccidioides. The coccidioides fungus is found in soil and causes infection when inhaled. People with suppressed immune systems are particularly at risk.

Question 26

West Nile Virus

Answer 26

West Nile virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, from the genus Flavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. The virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, mostly species of Culex.

Question 27

Zika Virus

Answer 27

Overview. Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus first identified in Uganda in 1947 in a Rhesus macaque monkey followed by evidence of infection and disease in humans in other African countries in the 1950s. From the 1960s to 1980s, sporadic human infections were detected across Africa and Asia.

Question 28

Anthrax

Answer 28

A rare but serious bacterial illness. Anthrax is caused by a spore-forming bacterium. It mainly affects animals. Humans can become infected through contact with an infected animal or by inhaling spores.