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Patho Exam 5 > exam 5 > Flashcards

exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

excessive urination at night is called

A

nocturia

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2
Q

inflammation of the testis, often secondary to UTIs, testicular pain and swelling

A

orchitis

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3
Q

most frequently diagnosed visceral malignancy in american men, urinary obstruction. dysuria, hematuria, difficulty initiating or continuing urine stream, decreases urine stream, can met to lungs, liver

A

prostate cancer

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4
Q

palpable lump or nodule is most common presenting sign typically not painful; 6 types. most common malignancy of females in US, most benigns in ducts, early detection w monthly self exam, mammography

A

breast cancer

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5
Q

estrogen dependent disorder- presence of (lining of uterus) outside of uterus; uterus sheds blood up into body. blood cannot drain out of body- pockets of blood (chocolate cysts); NO CURE

A

endometriosis

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6
Q

chronic pelvic pain, several causes; hypertonus or weakness, laxity in endopelvic fascia; often poorly understood and no obvious cause for pain

A

Pelvic floor disease

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7
Q

most common benign neoplasm of breast; estrogen induced
solitary lesions(non-tender, round, firm).

A

fibroadenoma

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8
Q

abnormal twisting of spermatic cord as testis rotates within tunica vaginalis; surgical emergency; associated with congenital abnormalities; abrupt onset of scrotal pain and swelling

A

testicular torsion

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9
Q

implantation of fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity (fallopian most common), amenorrhea or irregular bleeding and spotting, nonspecific quadrant or back pain, life threatening

A

ectopic pregnancy

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10
Q

age related non malignant enlargement of prostate gland; restricts urine flow- decreases caliber and force or urine stream, difficulty initiating urination, nocturia

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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11
Q

second most common female urogenital cancer. most lethal.
-poor outcome due to difficult diagnosis, most asymptomatic or vague symptoms (abdominal bloating, flatulence, fatigue, malaise, gastritis, etc)

A

ovarian cancer

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12
Q

AKA impotence, inability to achieve, emotional distress and depression, satisfactory sexual performance

A

Erectile dysfunction

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13
Q

pain, urinary dysfunction, fever, urethral discharge, unilateral scrotal pain, local scrotal erythema and swelling

A

epididymis

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14
Q

multiple disorders that cause pelvic discomfort, inflammation of prostate gland; highest among men in 40s, urinary frequency, dysuria, pain in low back and groin.

A

prostitis

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15
Q

herniation of rectum into the vagina, forming a pouch int he intestine; result of pelvic floor relaxation or overstretching.

A

rectocele

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16
Q

enlargement of testis with diffuse testicular pain, swelling, hardness or some combo of these, malignancy of cells in one or both testicles

A

testicular cancer

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17
Q

permanent cessation of menses, end of reproduction potential, accompanied by reduced estrogen levels, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbances, memory loss, reduced libido, mood swings, irritability

A

menopause

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18
Q

herniation of urinary bladder into vagina: result of pelvic floor relaxation or structural overstretching of pelvis.

A

cystocele

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19
Q

largely preventable disease- preventably sexual practices, screening, vaccine. Primary cause: transfer of HPV.
-most common STD in the US. asymptotic at first, advance disease present before abnormal bleeding occurs.

A

cervical cancer

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20
Q

infection and inflammation of female upper genital tract; variety of conditions and any inflammatory condition, affecting female reproductive organs.
can cause infertility, chronic pain, ectopic pregnancy.
s/s: often asymptomatic, can have vaginal bleeding and discharge and burning during urination

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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21
Q

bulging of uterus into the vagina, result of pelvic floor relaxation or structural overstretching of pelvic musculature or ligamentous structures.

A

uterine prolapse

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22
Q

most drugs used for what are required to take 3-4 weeks before a true mood elevating effect is perceived.

A

drugs used to treat depression

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23
Q

post traumatic stress disorder symptoms begin at what point after exposure to and extreme traumatic event?

A

3 months

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24
Q

Normal body mass index (BMI)

A

19-25
lower than 18.5 underweight
higher than 26 overweight

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25
Q

drug that has a persistent long-term release in children who have undergone abuse

A

cortisol

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26
Q

depressive disorder characterized by structural changes in the brain

A

organic mood disorder

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27
Q

best position to sleep when pt has Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

left side-lying

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28
Q

chrons disease is an incurable, chronic and debilitating disease that causes what typo of cancer?

A

intestinal

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29
Q

presence of peptic ulcer will radiate pain in which part of the body?

A

right upper quadrant

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30
Q

weakness of which muscle can lead to a hiatal hernia

A

diaphragm

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31
Q

which condition is considered a chronic inflammatory disorder of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon in a continuous manner?

A

ulcerative colitis

32
Q

head lifting exercises will help and individual with what condition

A

dysphagia in swallowing

33
Q

causes of upper GI bleeding

A

major trauma or systemic illness, peptic ulcer, chronic alcohol abuse

34
Q

medication that stop acid production in the stomach

A

prilosec

35
Q

position of head of bed raised 6-12 inches with knees slightly flexed helps with what?

A

with positioning after any type of gastrectomy

36
Q

abnormal bleeding is a symptom of which cancer type

A

endometrial cancer

37
Q

cancer that has a poor prognosis

A

ovarian cancer

38
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease can be cure with?

A

antibiotics

39
Q

primary cause of cervical cancer

A

HPV- Human Papilloma Virus

40
Q

side effect of the prescription of estrogen after menopause

A

breast cancer, heart disease, stroke

41
Q

consists of a band of muscles made up of several muscle groups stretching like a sling from the pubic bone to the coccyx at the base of the spine that work together to support the internal and pelvic organs.

A

pelvic floor

42
Q

at what stage of chronic kidney disease will levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) first begin to increase?

A

stage 3

43
Q

number one prevention for bladder cancer

A

smoking cessation

44
Q

what patient population is most likely to exhibit mental status changes with a UTI

A

elderly females

45
Q

which bacteria is most often implicated in ascending UTIs

A

escherichia coli

46
Q

some causes of chronic kidney disease

A

diabetes, hypertension, glomurelonephritis

47
Q

laboratory level that will be lower for an individual with ESRD

A

Hemoglobin

48
Q

urinary incontinence types

A
49
Q

which patient population is at risk for urinary tract infection due to the dilation of the upper urinary system

A

pregnant women

50
Q

what does H pylori cause and risk factors

A

causes: gastric/peptic ulcers, cancer, stomach issues
living with people who has it, not eating fruits and vegetables, food or water contaminated

51
Q

nexium, prevacid, prilosec, orotonix, aciphex

A

GI medications, used to treat heartburn, stomach or intestinal ulcers.
SIDE EFFECTS: nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, bloating

52
Q

crohns disease vs ulcerative colitis

A

table 4.6

53
Q

antidepressant side effects

A

SSRIs and SNRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -
SE: shaky and anxious, stomach aches, constipations, dizziness, insomnia or no sleep, headaches, etc

54
Q

role of exercise and depression

A

regular exercise may help ease depression and anxiety, releases endorphins and brain chemicals that can enhance sense of well being.

55
Q

UTI prevention

A

urinate when needed, if sexually active, right after sex, avoid baths, drink fluids, proper wiping (front to back), etc

56
Q

advantages and disadvantages of hormone replacement therapy

A

-disadvantages: increases risk of heart attack in women, increase risk of stroke, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, vaginal bleeding, weight gain, etc
-advantages: treats menopausal symptoms, maintains healthy skin, prevents wrinkles, improves blood pressure, improves pain tolerance, increases serotonin

57
Q

Most common measured renal waste products are?

A

serum creatinine and BUN.

58
Q

SS of urinary track problems

A

urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, pain, fever and chills, dysuria, etc

59
Q

types of urinary incontinence

A
  1. functional incontinence: normal urine control but problem because of muscle or joint dysfunction
  2. urge incontinence: sudden unexpected
  3. stress incontinence: loss of urine during activities, laughing, coughing
  4. overflow incontinence: constant leaking of urine
60
Q

role of PTA- incontenence management

A

ask questions about sleeping, medical history, diet, pelvic floor exercises, etc. education on how to retrain your bladder

61
Q

impact of psychological conditions

A

mental health conditions can result in disability, substance abuse, addiction, suicide, poor quality of life, emotional and behavior problems, complication with physical health, etc.

62
Q

types of hernias

A

histal, inglunal, umbilical etc

63
Q

older adults with GI dysfunction may present:

A

incontenece, diarrhea, constipation,

64
Q

antibiotics cause

A

diarrhea

65
Q

another name for gastric ulcer, where do you feel pain

A

peptic ulcers, upper right quadrant

66
Q

diarrhea, difficulty concentrating, SOB, increased blood pressure

A

anxiety

67
Q

what is chronic pain

A

pain and healing that lasts more than 3 months

68
Q

causes of chronic kidney disease

A

-diabetes and high blood pressure
systemic manifestations of kidney failure:
decreases/abnormal urination system, changes in GI, etc

69
Q

clinical manifestations of kidney stones and cancer

A
70
Q

post menopausal what to do if bleeding a lot

A
71
Q

why is the prognosis of ovarian cancer poor

A
72
Q

why is the prognosis of ovarian cancer poor

A

because symptoms present and by the time they diagnosis, its too late.

73
Q

signs of breast cancer and how is it treated

A

palpable lymph/cyst.

chemotherapy, radiation, surgery to remove lymph, mastectomy, hormone treatment

74
Q

function of a lypmh node

A

filters fluid and brings it back to bloodstream

75
Q

how does the lymphatic system prevents swelling

A

it returns the fluid to the blood which prevents swelling and helps to maintain normal blood volume and pressure.

Patho Exam 5 (1 decks)

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