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Exam 5 > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Structural classifications of joints

A

-fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Bony
- Synovial

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2
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Very strong
E.g: sutures, gomphosis, synochondrosis, synostosis

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3
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable
E.g: syndesmosis, symphysis

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4
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Bones connected by ligament

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5
Q

Symphysis

A

Bones connected by fibrocartilage

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6
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable
E.g: synovial joints

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7
Q

Plane

A

Limited motion, flat/ slightly curved surface
Nonaxial

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8
Q

Hinge

A

Angular motion in a single plane
Nonaxial

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9
Q

Condylar

A

Oval articular face within a depression
Biaxial

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10
Q

Saddle

A

Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle
Biaxial (thumb)

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11
Q

Pivot

A

Rotation only
Nonaxial

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12
Q

Ball-and-socket

A

Round head in a cup-shaped depression
Triaxial

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13
Q

Synovial fluid functions

A
  • from synovial membrane
  • fills joint cavity
  • reduces friction
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14
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Cartilages

A

Meniscus
Fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

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15
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Fat pads

A

Adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane

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16
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Ligaments

A

Support and strengthen joints

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17
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Tendons

A

Attach to muscles around joint

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18
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Bursae

A

Pockets of synovial fluid to cushion areas where tendons and ligaments rub on other tissue

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19
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament with torn collagen fibers

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20
Q

Stabilizing factors of synovial joints

A
  • prevents injury by limiting range of motion
  • collagen fibers of joint capsule and ligaments
  • shapes of articulating surfaces and menisci
  • other bones, muscles, fat pads
  • tendons attach to articulating bones
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21
Q

Planes of movement
Nonaxial

A

0 plane (acromioclavicular)

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22
Q

Planes of movement
Nonaxial/uniaxial

A

1 plane (elbow)

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23
Q

Planes of movement
Biaxial

A

2 planes (wrist)

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24
Q

Planes of movement
Triaxial/multiaxial

A

3 planes (shoulder)

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25
Q

Gliding movement

A

When two flat surfaces slide past each other
(Two carpal bones)

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26
Q

Angular movement

A

Flextime and extension movements in anterior posterior plane (front to back)

27
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease angle (bicep flex)

28
Q

Extension

A

Increase angle

29
Q

Hyperextension

A

Looking up with head

30
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from longitudinal axis

31
Q

Abduction

A

Movement toward longitudinal axis

32
Q

Circumduction

A

A complete circular movement without rotation (only shoulder and hips can do this)

33
Q

Rotational movement

A

Shaking head no
Medial/lateral: hip (turning leg in or out)
Pronation: rotate forearm
Supination: turn palms anteriorly (like you’re holding soup)

34
Q

Special movement

A

Inversion: twists sole of foot medial
Eversion: twist sole of foot lateral
Dorsiflexion: flexion at ankle (lifting toes)
Plantar flexion: extension at ankle (pointing toes)

Opposition: movement of thumb to palm
Reposition: opposite of opposition

Protraction: anterior movement in horizontal plane (forward) giving yourself and underbite
Retraction: opposite
Depression: move jaw down
Elevation: move jaw up

Lateral flexion: bending vertebral column to the side

35
Q

Intervertebral joints

A

First two cervical vertebrae are joined by synovial joint

36
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

Separate vertebral bodies

37
Q

Intervertebral ligaments
Ligaments flava

A

Connect laminae of adjacent vertebrae

38
Q

Intervertebral ligaments
Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Connects posterior surface of vertebral body

39
Q

Intervertebral ligaments
Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Connect anterior surface of vertebral body

40
Q

Intervertebral ligaments
Interspinous ligaments

A

Connect spinous processes of vertebrae

41
Q

Intervertebral ligaments
Supraspinous ligament

A

Connects tips of spinous

42
Q

Elbow joint

A

Hinge
Articulates with ulna hum humerous and radius

43
Q

Elbow ligaments

A

Radial collateral
Angular
Ulnar collateral ligament

44
Q

Elbow joints

A

Humero-ulnar: largest strongest elbow joint
Humeroradial joint: smaller joint, for stabilization

45
Q

Knee

A

Hinge joint
Transfers weight from femur to tibia
Articulates: two femur one patella

46
Q

Knee joint cavity

A

Medial and lateral menisci

47
Q

Knee ligaments

A

Patellar
Two popliteal
Anterior and posterior cruciate
Tibial collateral ligament

48
Q

Shoulder

A

Ball and socket joint

49
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Rim of fibrocartilage only found in ball and socket joint
Extends beyond bony rim and deepens socket

50
Q

Shoulder ligaments

A

Acromioclavicular
Coracoclavicular
Coraco- acromial
Coracohumeral
Glenohumeral

51
Q

Shoulder separation

A

Most common form of dislocation
Dislocation of acromioclavicular joint

52
Q

Muscles of rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Minor

53
Q

Shoulder bursae

A

Subdeltoid
Subcoracoid
Subacromial
Subscapular

54
Q

Hip joint

A

Ball and socket (stronger than shoulder)

55
Q

Hip ligaments

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

56
Q

Rheumatism

A

Pain and stiffness in musculoskeletal (muscle and bones) system

57
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint inflammation

58
Q

Skeletal muscle functions

A

Move body by pulling on bones
Maintain posture
Support soft tissue
Guard body entrances and exits
Maintains temp
Store nutrients

59
Q

Skeletal muscle organization
Epimysium

A

Superficial
Layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the muscle
Connect to deep fascia

60
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds muscle fiber bundles
Fascicles
Contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, nerves

61
Q

Endomysium

A

Deep layer
Surround individual muscle cells
Muscle fibers

62
Q

T- tubules

A
  • tubes that extend from surface of muscle fiber deep into sarcoplasm
  • transmit action potentials from sarcolemma into cell interior
63
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticular (SR)

A
  • tubular network surrounding each myofibril
  • similar to smooth ER
  • forms chambers that attach to T tubules
  • specialized for storage and release of calcium ions (how muscle contraction starts)

Exam 5 (1 decks)

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