Exam 5 Flashcards
What happened during the late middle ages?
life worsens on all fronts
what lead to the economic crisis during the late middle ages?
bad harvest, bad weather, and the black death
the bad harvests during the middle ages lead to what?
starvation, food shortage, and population decrease
how did the black death start? where did it start?
the black death started in fleas, came by trade ship where they kept the grain and it originated in China
The Black Death killed how many?
20 million, 1/3 of the European population
What are the three symptoms of the black death?
stage one is a boil on the skin, stage two is bleeding beneath the skin, and stage three is coughing up blood
What did they believe The Black Death was caused from?
Bad air
Who did they think caused The Black Death? What did they do to them?
They thought the Jews, cats & dogs, and lusting after old women had done it and slaughtered them
What are some things people did to try and keep away from The Black Death?
they didn’t exercise or bathe, and if they were religious then they’d put a cross on their front door for God. They also carried posies in their pockets to ward off the “bad air.”
Why was there no trade in the late middle ages?
there was a food shortage and they were trying to keep people isolated due to the black plague
What are flagellants?
people who are religious who whip themselves on the back, trying to show God that they’re sorry
what were some psychological consequences of the plague?
Orgies, suicide, and flagellants
What happens to the population in Ming China?
As the food increases, so does the population
What does Ming mean?
Ming = Brilliance
Who was the first Ming Emperor?
Hung Wu
What did Hung Wu do?
He centralized his government, eliminates any threat from his regimen, seizes all land gives it to peasants and puts the nobles in the capitol, and freezes occupation.
What were the occupations in Ming China?
- Peasant - public laborer
- Artison - Craftsmen
- Soldier - skilled soldier
What does freezing an occupation mean?
It’s hereditary, whatever your father does, you do.
What is Nanking?
The capitol of Ming China
What does Hung Wu bring back?
He brings back Scholar Officials - if you want out of your occupation, you’ve got to pass a series of tests.
What happens to a scholar official if he gives bad advice?
They would strip them naked, show him about, and beat him - this was often lethal
Who did the emperors have to marry?
Someone who isn’t aristocratic, they married peasant girls.
What kind of family did they have in Ming China?
Extended family - strength in numbers. Usually living in the same house, but in different sections of the house
What did a nuclear family mean in Ming China?
A nuclear family meant poor
Why did they have arranged marriage in Ming China?
It solidified their placement within the community/government and usually came with contracts on what the other had to do.
What was a woman’s placement/role in Ming China?
A woman had no power, the only way they were able to be of service is if they were able to have a son. If they were not, the husband could have concubines who live in the house and the wife was not allowed to say anything about it.
What is female infanticide?
They would kill daughters for not being sons or would sell their daughters to human trafficking
What were females trained to do?
Be a good wife, mother, and submissive to their husbands.
Men had to go where to go to pass the series of tests?
A university
How many tests did men have to go through to pass the civil service tests? Explain each test.
Test One: The Preliminary Test - you win nothing, but the option to take test two.
Test Two: The City/Prefectural Exam - wins lowest degree, wins gentry class, taxes exempt, wins Sadam Chair, gets to move on to Test Three
Test Three: The Provincial Capitol - only 1% of people pass this test, it’s held in the Provincial Capitol, win the next highest degree, can go on to take test four.
Test Four: Imperial Capitol - wins highest degree, the right to speak to the emperor and if the emperor likes him then he’d give him a job.
What does “Ming” mean?
Brilliance
What policy did Hung Wu bring to Ming China? What was it like?
Ming foreign policy. It was very aggressive and controlling. He brought back Tributaries.
What does “Kowtow” mean? What was it?
It means “to bang head.” You bow, head on the floor, groveling at the emperor’s feet.
What did the Ming Tributaries do?
Make sure that Kowtow happened every two or three years.
What did the Japanese do to China’s coastline?
Raid it
