Exam Flashcards
<p>Define the creative industries</p>
<p>industries which have their origin in individual creativity , skill and talent.</p>
<p>Industries within "the creative industries" include...</p>
<p>Advertising, architecture, art and antiques market, crafts, design, designer fashion, film and video, interactive leisure software, music, the performing arts, publishing, software and computer services, television and radio
</p>
<p>Why did the creative industries begin?</p>
<p>wanted to exploit greyness between:
- creative arts and cultural industries
- Freedom and comfort
- Public and private
- State and Commercial
- Citizen and consumer
- Political and personal</p>
<p>What does Content and Process Theory focus on?</p>
<p>Focus on interaction between content and external factors
Includes emphasis on learning
</p>
<p>What is RIASEC (Holland's theory)?</p>
<p>Realistic, investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional.</p>
<p>What is Holland's Career theory?</p>
<p> - Persons are attracted to similar environment.
this influences person’s potential satisfaction, persistence and contribution in that environment.
- Focuses on the now
- Persona and environment matching
</p>
<p>What are the five stages Super's Career theory?</p>
<p>- Career development has five stages - Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance and Disengagement </p>
<p>What are the main points of Krumboltz Career Theory?</p>
<p>An individual's career choices and development are a product of learned behaviour, therefore, future learned behaviour can and will determinants of career choice and development are:
Genetic endowment (cannot be affected)
Environmental conditions and events (cannot be affected)
Instrumental and associative learning experiences
Knowledge of task approach skills
Irrational beliefs = barrier
Each individual filters events and information
Positive reinforcement and role models are powerful
Uncertainty is acceptable
</p>
<p>Why were the creative industries a complex and messy area?</p>
<p>- Government
- Diversity
- People reliant on subsidy</p>
<p>What was the advantage of pushing the creative industry?</p>
<p>Provided jobs and would stimulate the GDP gross domestic product</p>
<p>How did the creative industries affect cities?</p>
<p>- Could reinvent cities previously reliant on industry or manufacturing
- Could transfer creativity from ‘spending’ to ‘wealth creation’ department.</p>
<p>How did the creative arts influence technology?</p>
<p>- Initially IBM was for business-2-business hardware
then Bill Gates made it about the PC
- Part of larger shift from goods to services, producer to consumer</p>
<p>How did the PC economy change due to the creative industry</p>
<p>- IT became the boom sector
- Everyone had a PC on their desk</p>
<p>Soon IT turned into ICT, what did this mean for the computer users?</p>
<p>- The concept of connectivity came to the fore
- Significant opportunity for content
- This also meant that creativity was key.
</p>
<p>What are 3 different approaches to being entrepreneurial?</p>
<p>• New venture creation
• Transitioning approach or opportunity recognition
• Career self-management</p>
<p>Define Enterprising</p>
<p>Having or showing initiative and resourcefulness.</p>
<p>Creative artists 3-5 times more likely to....</p>
<p>Work freelance or be self employed.</p>
<p>Duening refers to the need to have five ‘minds’ when being enterprising or entrepreneurial. What are these?</p>
<p>• ‘Opportunity recognizing’ mind – having vision
* ‘Designing’ mind – being able to create and innovate
* ‘Risk managing’ mind – control mechanisms
* ‘Resilient’ mind – rebound and coping strategies
* ‘Effectuating’ mind – action and getting it done!</p>
<p>Ruth Bridgstock states there are 4 competencies required for being ‘Enterprising’. What are these?</p>
<p>Metacompetencies
* Career Self-Management
* Learning Self-Management
* Critical Self-Reflection
Skills
* Discipline-Specific
* Business
* Finding &amp; obtaining/creating employment
Contexts
* Knowledge of Self
* Knowledge of Sector
Underlying Dispositional Characteristics
~~~
• Pro-activeness
• Resilience
• Adaptability
• Tolerance of Uncertainty &amp; Risk
</p>
~~~
<p>Being creative and an artist can be challenging and confronting due to...</p>
<p>• Frequent critical feedback from peers, assessors, audiences
* Isolation and loneliness of many art forms.
* Substance abuse. Studies have shown that artists are prone to substance addiction (e.g. tobacco, alcohol)</p>
<p>What do Masten and Reed (2002) refer to as important traits for maintaining and/or building resilience?</p>
<p>• optimism • effective problem solving • faith • sense of meaning • self-efficacy • flexibility • impulse control • empathy • close relationships • spirituality</p>
<p>What are the 6 steps to "The last career guide youʼll ever need?"</p>
<p>• There is no plan • Think strengths, not weaknesses • Itʼs not about you • Persistence trumps talent • Make excellent mistakes • Leave an imprint</p>
<p>Erica McWilliam (2007) says “University graduates, as potential future creatives will be performing work that
is less focused on routine problem-solving
and more focused on creative outcomes
that involve....."</p>
<p>"New social relationships, novel challenges and the synthesizing of ‘big picture’ scenarios.”</p>
<p>What is a Sole Trader?</p>
<p>A sole trader is an individual who either invoices in their own name e.g. “John Smith” or under a business name owned or registered by the individual e.g. “John Smith Creative”
Most common, flexible and unrestricted form
No formal legal structure (normally)
Benefits:
Freedom
Take all profits
Challenges:
Debt or liabilities are on one person’s shoulders
Liability is unlimited</p>
<p>What is a "Partnership"</p>
<p>A partnership is a legal relationship between people who carry on a business in common for the making of profit.
</p>
<p>What is a Company?</p>
<p>A company is an independent legal entity able to do business in its own right. It has shareholders, who own the company, and directors, who run the company</p>
