Exam 4- Week 15

Question 1

Use of diuretics in HTN

Answer 1

Regardless of the clinical use, start with the lowest effective dose, increase the dose gradually to reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions, consider reducing doses where appropriate, and consider potassium supplementation or combination with a potassium-sparing diuretic when laboratory studies indicate it is appropriate. Initial drug therapy for HTN is monotherapy, although rarely is one drug sufficient to achieve target BP. When the decision is made to begin drug therapy and there are no clear indications for another type of drug, a thiazide-type diuretic should be chosen because, in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing diuretics with other classes of antihypertensive drugs, diuretics have been unsurpassed in preventing cardiovascular complications of HTN.

Question 2

Loop diuretics

Answer 2

inhibit sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle. These drugs are short-acting and cause a large natriuresis. Increase potassium excretion.

Question 3

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 3

act on the distal renal tubule to inhibit sodium reabsorption. Their effect is generally longer-lasting, and they cause less brisk diuresis. Increase potassium excretion.

Question 4

Aldosterone agonists

Answer 4

potassium-sparing diuretics. Weak diuretics, usually used in combination with thiazides.