Exam 4 / Unit 3 Flashcards
What kind of sexual reproduction do animals use?
Gametic meiosis
What kind of sexual reproduction do fungi use?
Zygotic meiosis
Explain zygotic meiosis
Haploid multicellular organism goes thru mitosis to form haploid unicellular gametes, which fuse to form a diploid unicellular zygote, which goes thru meiosis to mature to haploid multicellular organism again
Draw the alternation of generations cycle
Plants
Why are plants important?
Produce 1/3 of the oxygen on earth
All land-based food webs rely on plants
Which group is most closely related to plants?
Charophytes
Which characteristic do Charophytes and plants share?
Cellulose producing cell structure Sperm structure Peroxisomal enzymes (detox organic waste)
What are some advantages to plant life on land?
No competition for resources
No predators
No pathogens
Access to light and carbon dioxide
What are some challenges to plant life on land?
Needed roots to extract nutrients
Structure not supported by water (lead to vascular tissue)
Reproduction w/out water (lead to alt. of gen.)
What are apical meristems?
Patches of stem cells in plants (roots, leaves, and stems) used for growth and repair
What modifications were made for the adaption to life on land?
Roots system to get nutrients
Cell wall of cellulose, prevent dehydration and give structure
Secondary chemicals
What are the three main responses to stimuli plants have?
Geotropism
Thigmotropism
Phototropism
Examples of Bryophytes
Mosses
Liver warts
Hornwarts
General characteristic of Bryophytes
No roots (Epidermis extremely permiable to water, dry out easily)
No stems
No leaves
Which stage is dominant in Bryophytes?
Gametophyte
