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GM Phys 3 > Exam 4 Renal Phys > Flashcards

Exam 4 Renal Phys Flashcards

1
Q

What is the kidneys function as an excretory organ

A

Excretes harmful substances and things that are in excess

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2
Q

How does the kidney function as a regulatory organ

A

Maintains constant volume, composition and regulate pH

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3
Q

How does the kidney act as an endocrine organ

A

Synthesizes and secretes at least 3 major hormones (renin, erythropoietin, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol)

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4
Q

What is the function of renin secreted by the kidney

A

Stimulates angiotensin II formation and aldosterone secretion

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5
Q

What is the function of erythropoietin released by the kidneys

A

Stimulates red blood cell production

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6
Q

What is the function of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

A

Widespread effects including Ca++ absorption from the GI tract

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7
Q

How does the kidney function in electrolyte balance

A

Water intake =output, sodium intake = output, sodium/potassium balance

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8
Q

What are the 3 main renal functions

A

Electrolyte balance, concentrating urine, dilute urine

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9
Q

Aside from calcium uptake what are other roles of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

A

Enhance immune function (preventing atopic disorders) aka vitamin D3/calcitriol

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10
Q

How much glucose does the kidneys reabsorb per day

A

180 g of D-glucose/day

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11
Q

When is gluconeogenesis more active within the renal functions

A

During periods of prolonged fasting

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12
Q

Where is glucose filtered

A

Reabsorption of virtually all filtered glucose in the PCT

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13
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

L1-L4 retroperitoneal

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14
Q

Where does the kidney receive pregang symp fibers from

A

T10 -L2

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15
Q

What is the role of postgang symp fibers on the kidney

A

Project via renal plexus around renal artery

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16
Q

What happens when postgang symp fibers project to individual nephrons

A

Stimulation resulting in signal to constrict arterioles decreasing filtration and output, also signal for increase in Na reabsorption/renin release

17
Q

What is the blood supply from cardiac output to the kidneys

A

22% of CO under resting condtion

18
Q

Why does renal blood supply have a unique blood flow

A

2 sets of capillary beds and 2 sets of arterioles in series

19
Q

What gives rise to glomerular capillaries

A

Afferent arterioles

20
Q

What do efferent arterioles do and what do they give rise to

A

They drain the glomerular capillaries and give rise to peritubular capillaries

21
Q

Where does all filtration take place

A

Glomerular capillaries

22
Q

Where does all reabsorption take place

A

Peritubular capillaries

23
Q

What keeps glomerular capillary filtration pressure constant

A

Efferent arteriole

24
Q

What type of pressure is in the glomerular capillaries

A

High hydrostatic pressure (45mmHg) kept constant by efferent arteriole

25
Q

What does high hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries cause

A

Causes rapid fluid filtration

26
Q

What type of pressure is in peritubular capillaries and what does it allow for

A

Lower hydrostatic pressure (13mmHg) allowing for rapid fluid reabsorption

27
Q

What are the 2 structures of the nephron

A

Cortical nephron (higher in cortex) and juxtamedullary nephron (closer to medulla)

28
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney

A

The nephron

29
Q

Can the kidney regenerate new nephrons

A

Nooooo

30
Q

What happens to the nephrons at around age 40

A

Decrease in the number of functional nephrons, decreases 10% every 10 years

31
Q

What is the threshold of renal function with respect to decrease in nephrons

A

We can get by about 25% of the original number

32
Q

What are encased in the blowman’s capusle

A

Glomerular capillaries

33
Q

What is the flow of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries

A

Bowman’s capsule - proximal tubule - loop of henle - distal tubule - connecting tubule - collecting duct - renal pelvis

GM Phys 3 (3 decks)

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