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Cell Biology > exam 4 quiz > Flashcards

exam 4 quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following statements about proteoglycans is true?

Question 1 options:

a) They consist of chains of repeating disaccharide units connected to a protein core.

b) They are found in very low amounts in the basement membranes.

c) They are extremely fragile and are restricted to selected tissues.

d) Both (b) and (c) are correct.

A

a. They consist of chains of repeating disaccharide units connected to a protein core.

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2
Q

Which one of the following is not found in the extracellular matrix?

Question 2 options:

Collagen

Laminin

Fibronectin

Actin

A

actin

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3
Q

Desmosomes are ________.

Question 3 options:

disk-shaped adhesive junctions

restricted to cardiac muscle tissue

devoid of cadherins, but rich in intermediate filaments.

All of these are correct answers

A

disk-shaped adhesive junctions

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4
Q

In the early embryo, cells detach from an epithelium and transform into individual, migrating cells. This is thought to be due to _________________.

Question 4 options:

the cytoplasm taking on an anti-adhesive character

a loss of expression of E-cadherin genes

autophagy of the nucleus

an increase in the expression of E-cadherin genes

A

a loss of expression of E-cadherin genes

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5
Q

Gap junctions are composed entirely of membrane protein subunits called __________.

Question 5 options:

Occludins

Claudins

Connexins

Connexons

A

Connexins

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6
Q

Which of the following would cells interact with for the proper formation of a branching organ such as the salivary gland?

Question 6 options:

Collagen

Proteoglycans

Actin

Fibronectin

Laminin

A

Fibronectin

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7
Q

What is the most plentiful protein in the human body?

Question 7 options:

ATP synthase

actin

myosin

collagen

collargen

A

collagen

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8
Q

Which cell adhesion molecule below binds to a short sequence of carbohydrates on the cell surface?

Question 8 options:

adherins

cadherins

selectins

calmodulins

calpains

A

selectins

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9
Q

Adherens junctions hold cells together using ____________ attached to ______________.

Question 9 options:

integrins; microfilaments

cadherins; microfilaments

cadherins; intermediate filaments

integrins; intermediate filaments

adherins; microfilaments

A

cadherins; microfilaments

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10
Q

You inject a fluorescent dye into a single cell on the surface epithelium of a microscopic animal. After a brief period of time, the dye spreads to cells neighboring the injected cell. What does this suggest?

Question 10 options:

The cells are connected by gap junctions

The cells are connected by tight junctions

The cells are connected by plasmodesmata

The cells are connected by adherens junctions

A

The cells are connected by gap junctions

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11
Q

Epithelial tissues _________.

Question 11 options:

consist of extracellular materials, including a variety of distinct fibers.

often contain cells scattered throughout the tissue

contain tightly packed cells and line spaces within the body.

All of these are correct

A

contain tightly packed cells and line spaces within the body.

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12
Q

The degradation of extracellular materials is accomplished largely by_____________.

Question 12 options:

matrix metalloproteinases

ubiquitins

protein kinases

fibronectin

A

matrix metalloproteinases

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13
Q

Which of the following statements about integrins is true?

Question 13 options:

They anchor cells to the substrate

All of these statements are true.

Different cell types are restricted to just one type of integrin

They are found in both animal and plant cells

A

They anchor cells to the substrate

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14
Q

Why do cells flatten out as they make contact with a surface?

Question 14 options:

They lose water

They send out projections that make increasingly stable attachments.

They extrude cytoplasm

Their membranes stiffen

A

They send out projections that make increasingly stable attachments.

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15
Q

Which of these cells would you expect to have very little or no integrin protein on the surface?

Question 15 options:

Red blood cells

Epidermal cells

Intestinal epithelial cells

Fibroblasts

A

Red blood cells

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16
Q

A mutation in an integrin protein results in the deletion of the cytoplasmic domain. How will this affect the ability of a fibroblast to crawl?

Question 16 options:

There will be no effect

Its ability to attach and crawl will be greatly reduced because it will not be able to form focal adhesions

It will crawl faster because the integrins will be free to float in the membrane

A

Its ability to attach and crawl will be greatly reduced because it will not be able to form focal adhesions

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17
Q

A mutation in the cytoplasmic domain of an integrin protein prevents it from binding to intermediate filaments. Which of these is a likely symptom?

Question 17 options:

a) There will be no effect

b) The epithelial layers of the skin will peel away and blister

c) The ability of neural crest cells to crawl will be reduced

Both b) and c)

A

b) The epithelial layers of the skin will peel away and blister

18
Q

The tightest attachment between a cell and its extracellular matrix is seen at the site where an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying basement membrane. The specialized adhesive structure found at such a site is called a(n) ________.

Question 18 options:

hemidesmosome

tight junction

plasmodesma

spot desmosome

A

hemidesmosome

19
Q

What kind of cell adhesion molecule on vessel walls mediates transient interactions to trap circulating white blood cells at sites of inflammation?

Question 19 options:

cadherins

selectins

IgSFs

integrins

A

selectins

20
Q

Metastatic cells are distinguished by the fact that they ______.

Question 20 options:

are unable to invade other tissues, while normal cells can

are less adhesive than other cells.

are less adhesive than other cells and they are able to penetrate the basement membranes lining blood vessels.

are able to penetrate the basement membranes lining blood vessels

A

are less adhesive than other cells and they are able to penetrate the basement membranes lining blood vessels.

21
Q

An enzyme that removes hydrogen ions from its substrate is a ________.

Question 1 options:

dehydrogenase

kinase

transferase

hydrolase

isomerase

A

dehydrogenase

22
Q

H+ ions are able to enter the a subunit and bind to _____________, which then forms _____________ and causes the c subunit to rotate.

Question 2 options:

aspartate; aspartic acid

aspartame; aspartic acid

aspartic acid; aspartate

aspartame; aspartate

A

aspartate; aspartic acid

23
Q

Which components of ATP synthase move/rotate?

Question 3 options:

c ring and alpha/beta hexamer ring

c ring, central stalk, alpha/beta hexamer ring

c ring, a subunit, and central stalk

c ring and central stalk

A

c ring and central stalk

24
Q

As the electrons are transferred from Cytochrome Oxidase (ETC complex IV) to an acceptor, the energy released is used to _____________.

Question 4 options:

transport protons against their concentration gradient to the intermembrane space

transport protons down their concentration gradient to the intermembrane space

synthesize ATP

recycle Cytochrome C

form the bonds in H2O

A

transport protons against their concentration gradient to the intermembrane space

25
Q

An uncoupling protein often works by __________ the permeability of the ______________ membrane.

Question 5 options:

decreasing; inner mitochondrial

decreasing; outer mitochondrial

increasing; inner mitochondrial

increasing; inner mitochondrial

A

increasing; inner mitochondrial

26
Q

What is the purpose of uncoupling proteins in mammalian brown adipose tissue?

Question 6 options:

They help the tissue expand and contract when needed

They allow muscles to contract more efficiently

They function as a source of heat production during exposure to cold temperatures

They give the tissue its color

They allow the production of a larger number of ATPs per glucose

A

They function as a source of heat production during exposure to cold temperatures

27
Q

What advantage do you think the cristae confer on the mitochondria?

Question 7 options:

They greatly increase the surface area for aerobic respiration machinery

They allow swelling of mitochondria

They activate the matrix

They allow the mitochondria to shrink.

A

They greatly increase the surface area for aerobic respiration machinery

28
Q

The inner mitochondrial membrane has characteristics in common with _________

Question 8 options:

Bacterial cell membrane

Cardiac muscle cell membrane

A

Bacterial cell membrane

29
Q

What is the role of O2 in the electron transport chain?

Question 9 options:

Electron acceptor

Binds to proteins

Electron donor

Fuel for heat

A

Electron acceptor

30
Q

This graph illustrates the free energy relative to oxygen of the electron transport chain. The solid blue circles are electron carrier molecules, and the light blue ovals represent protein complexes.

graph line goes down and it is talking about free energy vs direction of electron flow

From an energy standpoint, are these reactions endergonic or exergonic?

Endergonic

Some are exergonic and others are endergonic

There is not enough information

Exergonic

A

exergonic

31
Q

Where is ATP synthase located in eukaryotic cells?

Question 11 options:

Cytoplasm

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Matrix of mitochondria

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

32
Q

Where do the H+ ions accumulate as a result of the ETC?

Question 12 options:

Matrix

Extracellular matrix

Cytosol

Intermembrane space

A

Intermembrane space

33
Q

Which direction is the ATP synthase pointing?

*pic of atp synthase mushroom thing

Question 13 options:

F0 base opens to Intermembrane space

F0 base opens to Matrix

A

F0 base opens to Intermembrane space

34
Q

Where does the ATP end up?

*pic of atp synthase mushroom thing

Question 14 options:

Intermembrane space

Extracellular space

Matrix

A

Matrix

35
Q

Which of the following describes what is happening when the beta subunit of the F1 region is in the loose conformation?

Question 15 options:

ADP and Pi are able to enter

ADP and Pi are trapped

ADP and Pi are released

ADP and Pi combine to form ATP

A

ADP and Pi are trapped

36
Q

What molecule accepts the electrons that drop off of the end of the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Question 16 options:

NADPre

H2O

O2

NADre

CO2

A

O2

37
Q

Which of the following complexes in the ETC pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space?

Question 17 options:

I, III, IV

I, II, IV

I, II, III, IV

I and III

A

I, III, IV

38
Q

What molecule is produced when electrons drop off of the end of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and attach to another molecule?

Question 18 options:

H2O

CO2

NADre

O2

NADPre

A

H2O

39
Q

The TCA (Krebs) Cycle __________.

Question 19 options:

produces NAD

makes biochemicals used to make glycogen

makes biochemicals used to make triglycerides

produces ATP and NADH

produces NADP

A

produces ATP and NADH

40
Q

What drives the rotation of the F1 head of ATP synthase?

Question 20 options:

proton movement from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space

ATP hydrolysis

proton movement from intermembrane space to the matrix

ATP condensation

proton movement from the matrix to the intermembrane space

A

proton movement from intermembrane space to the matrix

Cell Biology (5 decks)

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