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Physical Science > Exam 4 PS > Flashcards

Exam 4 PS Flashcards

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1
Q

on which temperature scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water?

A

Celsius

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2
Q

when you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove air in the can undergoes an increase in

A

all of the above

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3
Q

which has a greater specific heat capacity; the filling of a hot piece of pie or the crust?

A

the filling

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4
Q

if a room is cold it is usually due to the

A

lack of adequate thermal energy

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5
Q

the fact that a thermometer “takes its own temperature” illustrates

A

thermal equillibrium

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6
Q

as a system becomes more disordered, entropy

A

increases

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7
Q

the motion of atoms and molecules that most affects temperature is

A

translational

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8
Q

when the temperature of a quantity of 0C air at constant pressure is lowered by 1 degree its volume

A

shrinks by 1/273

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9
Q

thermal energy is measured in

A

any or all of the above for special cases

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10
Q

at absolute zero a substance has

A

no more energy to give up

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11
Q

entropy is most closely related to the

A

second law of thermodynamics

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12
Q

whether one object is warmer then another object has most to do with molecular

A

kinetic energy

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13
Q

if the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2 liter and a 4 liter container of water the temperature change in the 4 liter will be

A

less

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14
Q

what temperature scale has the smallest degrees

A

Farenheit

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15
Q

an entropy in a system increases, energy within the system

A

becomes less ordered

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16
Q

when work is done by a system and no heat is added, the temperature of the system

A

decreases

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17
Q

heat is thermal energy that matter

A

transfers

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18
Q

the lowest possible temperature is

A

-273 C

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19
Q

when you rapidly stir raw eggs with an egg beater their temperature

A

increases

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20
Q

leaving a hot oven door open in a closed room on a cool day

A

increases room temperature

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21
Q

a kg of 40C water and a kg of 20C water after being mixed have a temperature of 30C however the final temperature of a 1 kg iron block at 40C placed into 1 kg of water at 20C is

A

less than 30C

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22
Q

white hot sparks from a firework sparkler that strike your skin don’t cause injury because

A

the energy per molecule is high but the total energy transferred is small

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23
Q

when you place a sealed can on air on a hot stove air in the can undergoes an increase in

A

all of the above

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24
Q

materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the form of vibrations and rotations have

A

high specific heat capacities

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25
Q

increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1C requires

A

50 calories

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26
Q

if the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1 liter and a 2 liter container of water the temperature change in the 1 liter container will be

A

greater

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27
Q

the specific heat capacity if aluminum is more than twice that of copper place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be

A

copper

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28
Q

which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems

A

first law

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29
Q

when Paul compresses air with a tire pump, the temperature of the compressed air

A

increases as work is done on it

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30
Q

a substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

A

low specific heat capacity

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31
Q

which law of thermodynamics states that no system can reach absolute zero

A

third law

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32
Q

room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about

A

300 K

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33
Q

after an apple pie is taken from an oven, the pie filling is hotter than the crust due to

A

water in the filling that better retains thermal energy

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34
Q

the moderate temperature of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with waters

A

high specific heat capacity

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35
Q

San Francisco Chef Manual rates the energy content of foods in units of

A

Calories

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36
Q

the temperature of water rises when 2 calories are added it will rise the same when

A

8.38 J are added

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37
Q

hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity of sand is

A

less than for plants

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38
Q

to say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water

A

all of the above

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39
Q

thermal energy will flow in a direction from cold to hot

A

only with external effort

40
Q

compared to a giant iceberg a hot cup of coffee has

A

less thermal energy at higher temperature

41
Q

the direction of natural processes is from states of

A

higher order to lower order

42
Q

the motion of particles that contribute to thermal energy are

A

all of the above

43
Q

the acceleration of a rocket increases as it travels upward from the ground mainly because

A

the mass of the rocket decreases as fuel is burned

44
Q

an archer shoots and arrow if the action force is the bowstring on the arrow the reaction is the

A

arrows push on the bowstring

45
Q

how many forces act on the upwardly tossed coin when it gets to the top of its path

A

one the force due to gravity

46
Q

if you carry a heavy bag of groceries and bang your head against the wall the concept that best explains why your hand hurts is

A

inertia

47
Q

a jumbo jet of mass 100,000 kg during takeoff experience a thrust for each of its four engines of 50,000 N producing an acceleration of

A

2 m/s2

48
Q

a heavy block at rest is suspended by a vertical rope. when the block is accelerated upward by the rope, the rope tension

A

is greater than its weight

49
Q

a quick jerk on a sheet of paper beneath a box a cereal doesn’t topple the box, which best illustrates that

A

the box has inertia

50
Q

a skydiver who weighs 500N reaches terminal velocity at 90 km/h the air resistance on the skydiver is

A

500 N

51
Q

when dishes remain on a table when you yank the tablecloth beneath them you’re demonstrating

A

inertia

52
Q

action and reaction forces are parts of

A

a single interaction

53
Q

if your automobile runs out of fuel while driving the engine stops. you don’t come to an abrupt stop because of

A

inertia

54
Q

inertia is defined as a

A

property of matter

55
Q

when an apple that weighs 1 N is held at rest above your head the net force on the apple is

A

0 N

56
Q

the acceleration of a rocket increases as it travels upward from the ground mainly because

A

the mass of the rocket decreases as fuel is burned

57
Q

a 10 kg block is pushed across a friction free horizontal surface with a horizontal force of 20 N the acceleration on the block is

A

2 m/s2

58
Q

when a falling object has reached its terminal velocity its acceleration is

A

zero

59
Q

a Mack truck and a mini Cooper traveling at the same speed collide head on the collision force is greater on the

A

same on both

60
Q

for a falling ball the action force is the pull of earth on the ball the reaction force is the

A

pull of the ball on earth

61
Q

a ball rests in the middle of the cart when you quickly jerk the cart forward the ball

A

hits the back of the cart

62
Q

a ball is thrown vertically into the air. Because of air resistance its time coming down compared to its time going up is

A

more

63
Q

a force of 1 N accelerates a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s2 the acceleration of a 2 kg mass acted upon by a force of 2 N is

A

the same

64
Q

a 1000 kg car accelerates at 2 m/s2 what is the net force exerted on the car

A

2000 N

65
Q

a ball is thrown vertically upward. at the top of its vertical path its velocity of

A

0 m/s

66
Q

when you toss a coin straight up it moves upward, turns around, and drops during all this time the acceleration of the coins is

A

downward and constant

67
Q

newtons second law focuses on

A

acceleration

68
Q

a martial arts person breaks a board with a blow of 3000 N the force that acts on the hand is

A

3000 N

69
Q

a clerk can lift containers a vertical distance of 1 m or roll them up a 2 m long ramp to the same elevation with the ramp the applied force needed is

A

half as much

70
Q

the impulse momentum relationship is a direct result of

A

newtons second law

71
Q

while driving down the highway a love bug spatters onto your windshield which experiences the greater force of impact

A

both the same but with different consequences

72
Q

what is the mass of a ball moving at 3 m/s with a momentum of 48 kg m/s

A

16 kg

73
Q

what is produced by the process of electrolysis

A

hydrogen and oxygen

74
Q

whereas impulse involves the time that a force acts work involves the

A

distance that a force acts

75
Q

the greater efficiency achieved with the curved blades of a peloton wheel is due to

A

bouncing

76
Q

an object lifted 10 m gains a certain amount of potential energy if it is lifted 20 m its gain in potential energy is

A

twice as much

77
Q

the distinction between impulse and force involves the

A

time the force acts

78
Q

a 5000 kg freight car crashes into a 10000kg freight car at rest they couple on collision and move with a speed of 2 m/s what was the initial speed of the 5000 kg freight car?

A

6 m/s

79
Q

a car that travels twice as fast as another car when braking to a stop will skid

A

four times as far

80
Q

when a boxer moves into an oncoming punch the force experienced is

A

increased

81
Q

a boxer punches a sheet of paper in midair from rest to a speed of 40 m/s in 0.05 s if the mass of the paper is 0.01 kg the force of the punch on the paper is

A

8 N

82
Q

a ball rolling down an incline has its maximum potential energy at

A

the top

83
Q

when you simultaneously drop a light tennis ball and a heavy bowling ball they hit the floor

A

at the same speed

84
Q

what is the speed of a 6 kg ball with a momentum of 72 kg m/s

A

12 m/s

85
Q

a 2 kg mass that weighs 20 N has 40 J of potential energy relative to the ground what is the height

A

2 m

86
Q

in raising a 5000 N piano with a pulley system for every 1 m of rope pulled down the piano rises 0.1 m ideally this means the force needed to lift the piano is

A

500 N

87
Q

a 1 kg ball dropped from a height of 2 m rebounds only 1.5 m after hitting the ground the amount of energy converted to head is about

A

more than 2 J

88
Q

when Peter tosses a egg against a sagging sheet the egg doesn’t break due to

A

neither of these

89
Q

whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall the stopping force

A

greater with the brick wall

90
Q

the conservation of momentum is most closely related to newtons

A

third law

91
Q

compared with falling on a wooden floor a wine glass may not break when it falls on the carpeted floor because of

A

longer time to stop

92
Q

a melon is tossed straight upward with 100 J of kinetic energy if air resistance is negligible the Melin will return to its initial level with a kinetic energy of

A

100 J

93
Q

a piece of putty moving with 1 unit of momentum strikes and sticks to a heavy bowling ball initially at rest after the putty sticks to the ball both move with a combined momentum of

A

1 unit

94
Q

a shopping cart moves with a kinetic energy of 40 J if it moves at twice the speed its kinetic energy is

A

160 J

95
Q

Bronco speed increases after he dives from a hovering helicopter relative to an observer in the helicopter bronco momentum

A

also increases

Physical Science (1 decks)

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