Exam 4 - Obesity 🍕🍔🥓🍩 Flashcards
What BMI ranges classify normal, overweight, and obesity?
Normal: 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight: 25 to 29.9
Obesity: > or equal to 30
When should you measure waist circumference to determine cardiometabolic risk?
BMI between 25 and 35
What waist measurements correlate to increased cardiometabolic risk?
Men: > or equal to 40 inches
Women: > or equal to 35 inches
What percentage of weight loss can reduce risk factors for CVD?
Loss of 5% or greater reduces risk factors
What are the commonly recommended diets for Type 2 DM?
DASH, Mediterranean, Carb Counting, Limit Sugar
What are the commonly recommended diets for Cardiovascular disease?
DASH, Low Na, Mediterranean
What are the commonly recommended diets for Kidney Disease?
DASH, Renal diet
What are the commonly recommended diets for Celiac Disease?
Gluten free diet
Who should be screened for obesity?
What warrants a referral for an intensive, multicomponent behavioral intervention?
All adults should be screened for obesity.
BMI of 30 or greater should be referred.
What defines low risk obesity and what is the recommended treatment plan?
Low risk: BMI of 25-29.9 with no CVD risk factors or other comorbidites
Treatment: Diet and exercise
What defines moderate risk obesity and what is the recommended treatment plan?
Moderate risk: BMI of 25-29.9 AND 1 or more CVD risk factors; OR BMI of 30-34.9
Treatment: Diet/Exercise, Intensive multicomponent behavioral modification, and some will have drug therapy
What defines high risk obesity and what is the recommended treatment plan?
BMI of 35-40
Treatment: Intensive multicomponent behavioral modification, consideration of drug therapy, bariatric surgery
When should drug therapy be considered for obesity?
BMI of 30 or greater, OR >27 with comorbidies
What is the 1st line treatment for obesity?
Comprehensive lifestyle program
What is the mechanism of Orlistat?
What should be advised while taking this drug?
What are some side effect?
Alters fat digestion by inhibiting pancreatic lipases, increasing fats in the stool.
Take multi-vitamin daily as may decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins
“Unpleasant” GI side effects
What drug is a common choice in Type 2 Diabetics and can help with weight loss?
Liraglutide
What is the mechanism of Lorcaserin?
Serotonin agonist which decreases appetite
What is the mechanism of Phentermine?
Sympathomimetic
What is the most widely prescribed weight loss drug?
Phentermine
Which drugs should NOT be used in patients with HTN, CAD, or hyperthyroidism?
Phentermine and Phentermine/topiramate
When is bariatric surgery considered?
- BMI of 40 or greater
- BMI 35 to 39.9 + at least 1 serious comorbidity
- BMI 30-34.9 + uncontrollable type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome
What are the 2018 physical activity guidelines for Americans?
150-300 min/week of moderate intensity
OR
75-150 min/week of vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity
PLUS muscle strengthening 2 or more days/week
What is a great initial activity to recommend to those starting an exercise prescription?
Walking
What is the initial goal for weight loss in obese patients?
Lose 5-7% of body weight
