Exam 4 Final Flashcards
stability
Stability is the ability to maintain control of joint movement or positioning
mobility
the ability to move well with coordination and a lack of restriction
functions of MS
(1) for support- to stand erect
(2) for movement
(3) to encase and protect the inner vital organs (e.g., brain, spinal cord, heart)
(4) to produce the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis)
(5) as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in the bones.
(6) resorb and reform itself- dissolve and forms new bones
Physical performance requires _____, _____, and _____ that function smoothly and effortlessly.
bones, muscles, joints.
Injuries are _____, and all have potential for producing _____ _____.
common
permanent disability
ligaments
connect bones and stabilize joints
tendons
attach bone to muscles (i.e. achilles tendon)
bones are cushioned by _____
cartilage
nonsynovial joints
partially moveable- vertebra, skull sutures, mandible
synovial joints
freely moveable- bones are separated but enclosed in joint cavity filled with synovial fluid (i.e. knees, hips, shoulders, elbow).
bursa
pouches of synovial fluid; cushion movement of tendons and muscles over bone (just under skin)
long bones
grow in length and width; remodeling
lengthening occurs at the _____ until around age ___.
epiphyses (growth plates)
20
Any trauma or infection at the _____ puts the growing child at risk for _____ _____.
epiphyses
bone deformity
flexion
Bending a limb at a joint
extension
Straightening a limb at a joint
abduction
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
adduction
Moving a limb toward the midline of the body
pronation
Turning the forearm so the palm is down
supination
Turning the forearm so the palm is up
Circumduction
Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Inversion
Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Eversion
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Rotation
Moving the head around a central axis
Protraction
Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Elevation
Raising a body part
distal
further away from midline
proximal
closer to midline
PROM
passive ROM- moving joint with the help of someone else
AROM
active ROM- pt moving joints on their own
personal and social history
employment
exercise
functional abilities- ADL’s
weight
height
nutrition
tobacco use
alcohol use
past medical history
- pt. c/o change of function- ask about previous history
- trauma
- surgery on joint or bone
- chronic illness: cancer, arthritis, oseteoporosis, renal or neurolohic disorder
- skeletal deformities or congenital anomalies
red flags of MS assessment
- loss of bowel or bladder control
- pain out of proportion to event
- pain radiating down the leg with tingling and/or numbness
- asymmetrical weakness
- loss of function
- fever
- inflammation of a joint
- unremitting pain especially not improved with Rx.
order of physical assessment
- inspection
- palpation
- ROM
- muscle testing
general inspection: posture
- head position, alignment
- normal spinal curves: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
- cervical: concave
- thoracic: convex
- lumbar: concave
- sacral: convex
General inspection: movement
- passive use of extremities
- gait: phase, cadence (steps per minute), arm swing, toeing, base of support, stride length
- toe in, toe out
Assessment of MS Complaint 5 P’s
Pulses
Poikilothermia- inability to maintain core temperature
Paresthesia- burning or prickling sensation
Paralysis
Pallor
Pain is the 5th vital sign: must also be assessed
Joint Assessment
ROM Redness Skin Warmth Deformity Stability Swelling Pain Crepitus- a grating sound or sensation
