exam 4 Fall 23 Flashcards
Vertebrae, total in the spine?
33
Cervical vertebrae are there
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
5 fused
How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?
4 fused
At what level is the vertebra prominence?
C7
At what level is the spine of scapula?
T3
At what level is the inferior angle of scapula?
T7
At what level is the rib margin 10 cm from midline?
L1
At what level is the superior aspect of iliac crest?
L4
At what level is the posterior superior iliac spine?
S2
What does the epidural space contain?
Nerve roots, fat pads, vessels
Is the epidural space more shallow, anteriorly or posteriorly
The epidural space is shallow, anteriorly, and deeper, posteriorly more so in the lumbar region
Caudal to cephalad where does the Dora begin and end?
The derby begins at Foreman Magnum, and ends at the Durrell sack
When performing a spinal anesthetic, at what level is a pop usually felt
When the needle passes through the dura matter
When performing a spinal, what is the target space for the anesthetic
Subarachnoid space
Bradycardia can result from block of cardio, accelerator nerves at what level
T1-T4
In a spinal anesthetic in the subarachnoid space, the primary site of local anesthetic action is where
Myelinated preganglionic fibers of the spinal nerve roots
During epidural anesthesia, local anesthetics in epidural space must diffuse through what before they can anesthetize the nerve roots
Must fuse through the Dural cuff - local anesthetics also leak through the intervertebral foramen To enter the paravertebral area where the local can cause multiple paravertebral blocks
What is one main factor in spinal and epidural anesthesia that determines block height
How the local anesthetic distributes
Dose is the most reliable determinant of Intral spread when using what type of solution
Hypo or isobaric
Baricity is the most reliable determinant of interracial spread, when using what type of solution
Hyperbaric
What are the three types of epidural needles, and of the three which one minimizes risk of dural puncture?
Crawford, HUSTEAD,TUOHY
TUOHY has a 30° curvature at the needle tip this plus the blunt tip minimizes the risk of dural puncture
How deep is the epidural space
3-5cm from the skin
