exam 4 Fall 23

Question 1

Vertebrae, total in the spine?

Answer 1

33

Question 2

Cervical vertebrae are there

Answer 2

7

Question 3

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 5

5 fused

Question 6

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

4 fused

Question 7

At what level is the vertebra prominence?

Answer 7

C7

Question 8

At what level is the spine of scapula?

Answer 8

T3

Question 9

At what level is the inferior angle of scapula?

Answer 9

T7

Question 10

At what level is the rib margin 10 cm from midline?

Answer 10

L1

Question 11

At what level is the superior aspect of iliac crest?

Answer 11

L4

Question 12

At what level is the posterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 12

S2

Question 13

What does the epidural space contain?

Answer 13

Nerve roots, fat pads, vessels

Question 14

Is the epidural space more shallow, anteriorly or posteriorly

Answer 14

The epidural space is shallow, anteriorly, and deeper, posteriorly more so in the lumbar region

Question 15

Caudal to cephalad where does the Dora begin and end?

Answer 15

The derby begins at Foreman Magnum, and ends at the Durrell sack

Question 16

When performing a spinal anesthetic, at what level is a pop usually felt

Answer 16

When the needle passes through the dura matter

Question 17

When performing a spinal, what is the target space for the anesthetic

Answer 17

Subarachnoid space

Question 18

Bradycardia can result from block of cardio, accelerator nerves at what level

Answer 18

T1-T4

Question 19

In a spinal anesthetic in the subarachnoid space, the primary site of local anesthetic action is where

Answer 19

Myelinated preganglionic fibers of the spinal nerve roots

Question 20

During epidural anesthesia, local anesthetics in epidural space must diffuse through what before they can anesthetize the nerve roots

Answer 20

Must fuse through the Dural cuff - local anesthetics also leak through the intervertebral foramen To enter the paravertebral area where the local can cause multiple paravertebral blocks

Question 21

What is one main factor in spinal and epidural anesthesia that determines block height

Answer 21

How the local anesthetic distributes

Question 22

Dose is the most reliable determinant of Intral spread when using what type of solution

Answer 22

Hypo or isobaric

Question 23

Baricity is the most reliable determinant of interracial spread, when using what type of solution

Answer 23

Hyperbaric

Question 24

What are the three types of epidural needles, and of the three which one minimizes risk of dural puncture?

Answer 24

Crawford, HUSTEAD,TUOHY
TUOHY has a 30° curvature at the needle tip this plus the blunt tip minimizes the risk of dural puncture

Question 25

How deep is the epidural space

Answer 25

3-5cm from the skin