Exam 4: CONCEPTS

Question 1

mental representation of a category

Answer 1

concepts

Question 2

the most generic and inclusive level of a conceptual category

Answer 2

superordinate level

Question 3

the most useful level of a concept, characterized by too much or too little info

Answer 3

basic level

Question 4

the must restrictive, specific level of a conceptual category

Answer 4

subordinate level

Question 5

• Categorization of novel stimuli
• Fast and efficient understanding
• inferences of knowledge not explicitly stated
• Relationship to language

Answer 5

Functions of concepts

Question 6

responding to all attributes of a conceptual class or category

Answer 6

wholistic strategy

Question 7

focusing on a single attribute of a conceptual class or strategy

Answer 7

partist strategy

Question 8

concept in which members must process both of the two separate attributes

Answer 8

conjunctive concept

Question 9

concept in which members must process either one of two separate attributes

Answer 9

disjunctive attributes

Question 10

members of a concept share in common with other members of a concept, although they may not all share the same thing

Answer 10

Family resemblance

Question 11

• concepts are represented as nodes
• nodes are interconnected by means of links or pathways
• activation spreads from concept to concept along connecting pathways
• spreading activation activates related concepts
• strength of activation depends on time, distance and number of concepts activated
• when activation reaches a concept node it is summed up
• if activation reaches a threshold, the concept is activated

Answer 11

semantic networks

Question 12

• people create and use categories based on a system of rules
• necessary and sufficient features

Answer 12

classical view

Question 13

• people abstract the common elements of a particular concept and then store an abstracted prototypical presentation in memory
• Prototype: member of a conceptual category exhibiting a collection of typical features or attributes
• Prototype = average of a large number of examples of the concept
• based on similarity among members and comparison to standards

Answer 13

prototype theory

Question 14

• people take into account each encounter that they have experienced with the members of that category
• based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
• concepts are represented by a variety of exemplars
• each concept is represented by any number of specific members of a concept

Answer 14

exemplar theory

Question 15

• people have a general idea of the essence of a particular concept
• members of a category have a fundamental similarity (essence)

Answer 15

essentialist approach

Question 16

• occur naturally in the world
• members share important characteristics or features

Answer 16

natural categories

Question 17

• include objects or conventions designed or invented by humans to serve particular functions
• didn’t seem to share basic features

Answer 17

artifact categories

Question 18

• formed in the service of the same goal
• member have a relationship to the context at hand
• EX: car, monster, police, dog= things people get chased by

Answer 18

Ad hoc categories

Question 19

common underlying theme unites the members

Answer 19

metaphorical concept

Question 20

concepts

Answer 20

mental representation of a category

Question 21

superordinate level

Answer 21

the most generic and inclusive level of a conceptual category

Question 22

basic level

Answer 22

the most useful level of a concept, characterized by too much or too little info

Question 23

subordinate level

Answer 23

the must restrictive, specific level of a conceptual category

Question 24

Functions of concepts

Answer 24

• Categorization of novel stimuli
• Fast and efficient understanding
• inferences of knowledge not explicitly stated
• Relationship to language

Question 25

wholistic strategy

Answer 25

responding to all attributes of a conceptual class or category

Question 26

partist strategy

Answer 26

focusing on a single attribute of a conceptual class or strategy

Question 27

conjunctive concept

Answer 27

concept in which members must process both of the two separate attributes

Question 28

disjunctive attributes

Answer 28

concept in which members must process either one of two separate attributes

Question 29

Family resemblance

Answer 29

members of a concept share in common with other members of a concept, although they may not all share the same thing

Question 30

semantic networks

Answer 30

- concepts are represented as nodes - nodes are interconnected by means of links or pathways - activation spreads from concept to concept along connecting pathways - spreading activation activates related concepts - strength of activation depends on time, distance and number of concepts activated - when activation reaches a concept node it is summed up - if activation reaches a threshold, the concept is activated

Question 31

classical view

Answer 31

- people create and use categories based on a system of rules - necessary and sufficient features

Question 32

prototype theory

Answer 32

- people abstract the common elements of a particular concept and then store an abstracted prototypical presentation in memory - Prototype: member of a conceptual category exhibiting a collection of typical features or attributes - Prototype = average of a large number of examples of the concept - based on similarity among members and comparison to standards

Question 33

exemplar theory

Answer 33

- people take into account each encounter that they have experienced with the members of that category - based on similarity among members and comparison to standards - concepts are represented by a variety of exemplars - each concept is represented by any number of specific members of a concept

Question 34

essentialist approach

Answer 34

- people have a general idea of the essence of a particular concept - members of a category have a fundamental similarity (essence)

Question 35

natural categories

Answer 35

- occur naturally in the world - members share important characteristics or features

Question 36

artifact categories

Answer 36

- include objects or conventions designed or invented by humans to serve particular functions - didn't seem to share basic features

Question 37

Ad hoc categories

Answer 37

- formed in the service of the same goal - member have a relationship to the context at hand - EX: car, monster, police, dog= things people get chased by

Question 38

metaphorical concept

Answer 38

common underlying theme unites the members