Exam 4: CONCEPTS Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

mental representation of a category

A

concepts

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2
Q

the most generic and inclusive level of a conceptual category

A

superordinate level

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3
Q

the most useful level of a concept, characterized by too much or too little info

A

basic level

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4
Q

the must restrictive, specific level of a conceptual category

A

subordinate level

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5
Q
  • Categorization of novel stimuli
  • Fast and efficient understanding
  • inferences of knowledge not explicitly stated
  • Relationship to language
A

Functions of concepts

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6
Q

responding to all attributes of a conceptual class or category

A

wholistic strategy

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7
Q

focusing on a single attribute of a conceptual class or strategy

A

partist strategy

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8
Q

concept in which members must process both of the two separate attributes

A

conjunctive concept

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9
Q

concept in which members must process either one of two separate attributes

A

disjunctive attributes

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10
Q

members of a concept share in common with other members of a concept, although they may not all share the same thing

A

Family resemblance

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11
Q
  • concepts are represented as nodes
  • nodes are interconnected by means of links or pathways
  • activation spreads from concept to concept along connecting pathways
  • spreading activation activates related concepts
  • strength of activation depends on time, distance and number of concepts activated
  • when activation reaches a concept node it is summed up
  • if activation reaches a threshold, the concept is activated
A

semantic networks

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12
Q
  • people create and use categories based on a system of rules
  • necessary and sufficient features
A

classical view

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13
Q
  • people abstract the common elements of a particular concept and then store an abstracted prototypical presentation in memory
  • Prototype: member of a conceptual category exhibiting a collection of typical features or attributes
  • Prototype = average of a large number of examples of the concept
  • based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
A

prototype theory

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14
Q
  • people take into account each encounter that they have experienced with the members of that category
  • based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
  • concepts are represented by a variety of exemplars
  • each concept is represented by any number of specific members of a concept
A

exemplar theory

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15
Q
  • people have a general idea of the essence of a particular concept
  • members of a category have a fundamental similarity (essence)
A

essentialist approach

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16
Q
  • occur naturally in the world
  • members share important characteristics or features
A

natural categories

17
Q
  • include objects or conventions designed or invented by humans to serve particular functions
  • didn’t seem to share basic features
A

artifact categories

18
Q
  • formed in the service of the same goal
  • member have a relationship to the context at hand
  • EX: car, monster, police, dog= things people get chased by
A

Ad hoc categories

19
Q

common underlying theme unites the members

A

metaphorical concept

20
Q

concepts

A

mental representation of a category

21
Q

superordinate level

A

the most generic and inclusive level of a conceptual category

22
Q

basic level

A

the most useful level of a concept, characterized by too much or too little info

23
Q

subordinate level

A

the must restrictive, specific level of a conceptual category

24
Q

Functions of concepts

A
  • Categorization of novel stimuli
  • Fast and efficient understanding
  • inferences of knowledge not explicitly stated
  • Relationship to language
25
wholistic strategy
responding to all attributes of a conceptual class or category
26
partist strategy
focusing on a single attribute of a conceptual class or strategy
27
conjunctive concept
concept in which members must process both of the two separate attributes
28
disjunctive attributes
concept in which members must process either one of two separate attributes
29
Family resemblance
members of a concept share in common with other members of a concept, although they may not all share the same thing
30
semantic networks
- concepts are represented as nodes - nodes are interconnected by means of links or pathways - activation spreads from concept to concept along connecting pathways - spreading activation activates related concepts - strength of activation depends on time, distance and number of concepts activated - when activation reaches a concept node it is summed up - if activation reaches a threshold, the concept is activated
31
classical view
- people create and use categories based on a system of rules - necessary and sufficient features
32
prototype theory
- people abstract the common elements of a particular concept and then store an abstracted prototypical presentation in memory - Prototype: member of a conceptual category exhibiting a collection of typical features or attributes - Prototype = average of a large number of examples of the concept - based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
33
exemplar theory
- people take into account each encounter that they have experienced with the members of that category - based on similarity among members and comparison to standards - concepts are represented by a variety of exemplars - each concept is represented by any number of specific members of a concept
34
essentialist approach
- people have a general idea of the essence of a particular concept - members of a category have a fundamental similarity (essence)
35
natural categories
- occur naturally in the world - members share important characteristics or features
36
artifact categories
- include objects or conventions designed or invented by humans to serve particular functions - didn't seem to share basic features
37
Ad hoc categories
- formed in the service of the same goal - member have a relationship to the context at hand - EX: car, monster, police, dog= things people get chased by
38
metaphorical concept
common underlying theme unites the members