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PSY 310 > Exam 4: CONCEPTS > Flashcards

Exam 4: CONCEPTS Flashcards

1
Q

mental representation of a category

A

concepts

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2
Q

the most generic and inclusive level of a conceptual category

A

superordinate level

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3
Q

the most useful level of a concept, characterized by too much or too little info

A

basic level

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4
Q

the must restrictive, specific level of a conceptual category

A

subordinate level

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5
Q
  • Categorization of novel stimuli
  • Fast and efficient understanding
  • inferences of knowledge not explicitly stated
  • Relationship to language
A

Functions of concepts

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6
Q

responding to all attributes of a conceptual class or category

A

wholistic strategy

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7
Q

focusing on a single attribute of a conceptual class or strategy

A

partist strategy

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8
Q

concept in which members must process both of the two separate attributes

A

conjunctive concept

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9
Q

concept in which members must process either one of two separate attributes

A

disjunctive attributes

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10
Q

members of a concept share in common with other members of a concept, although they may not all share the same thing

A

Family resemblance

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11
Q
  • concepts are represented as nodes
  • nodes are interconnected by means of links or pathways
  • activation spreads from concept to concept along connecting pathways
  • spreading activation activates related concepts
  • strength of activation depends on time, distance and number of concepts activated
  • when activation reaches a concept node it is summed up
  • if activation reaches a threshold, the concept is activated
A

semantic networks

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12
Q
  • people create and use categories based on a system of rules
  • necessary and sufficient features
A

classical view

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13
Q
  • people abstract the common elements of a particular concept and then store an abstracted prototypical presentation in memory
  • Prototype: member of a conceptual category exhibiting a collection of typical features or attributes
  • Prototype = average of a large number of examples of the concept
  • based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
A

prototype theory

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14
Q
  • people take into account each encounter that they have experienced with the members of that category
  • based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
  • concepts are represented by a variety of exemplars
  • each concept is represented by any number of specific members of a concept
A

exemplar theory

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15
Q
  • people have a general idea of the essence of a particular concept
  • members of a category have a fundamental similarity (essence)
A

essentialist approach

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16
Q
  • occur naturally in the world
  • members share important characteristics or features
A

natural categories

17
Q
  • include objects or conventions designed or invented by humans to serve particular functions
  • didn’t seem to share basic features
A

artifact categories

18
Q
  • formed in the service of the same goal
  • member have a relationship to the context at hand
  • EX: car, monster, police, dog= things people get chased by
A

Ad hoc categories

19
Q

common underlying theme unites the members

A

metaphorical concept

20
Q

concepts

A

mental representation of a category

21
Q

superordinate level

A

the most generic and inclusive level of a conceptual category

22
Q

basic level

A

the most useful level of a concept, characterized by too much or too little info

23
Q

subordinate level

A

the must restrictive, specific level of a conceptual category

24
Q

Functions of concepts

A
  • Categorization of novel stimuli
  • Fast and efficient understanding
  • inferences of knowledge not explicitly stated
  • Relationship to language
25
Q

wholistic strategy

A

responding to all attributes of a conceptual class or category

26
Q

partist strategy

A

focusing on a single attribute of a conceptual class or strategy

27
Q

conjunctive concept

A

concept in which members must process both of the two separate attributes

28
Q

disjunctive attributes

A

concept in which members must process either one of two separate attributes

29
Q

Family resemblance

A

members of a concept share in common with other members of a concept, although they may not all share the same thing

30
Q

semantic networks

A
  • concepts are represented as nodes
  • nodes are interconnected by means of links or pathways
  • activation spreads from concept to concept along connecting pathways
  • spreading activation activates related concepts
  • strength of activation depends on time, distance and number of concepts activated
  • when activation reaches a concept node it is summed up
  • if activation reaches a threshold, the concept is activated
31
Q

classical view

A
  • people create and use categories based on a system of rules
  • necessary and sufficient features
32
Q

prototype theory

A
  • people abstract the common elements of a particular concept and then store an abstracted prototypical presentation in memory
  • Prototype: member of a conceptual category exhibiting a collection of typical features or attributes
  • Prototype = average of a large number of examples of the concept
  • based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
33
Q

exemplar theory

A
  • people take into account each encounter that they have experienced with the members of that category
  • based on similarity among members and comparison to standards
  • concepts are represented by a variety of exemplars
  • each concept is represented by any number of specific members of a concept
34
Q

essentialist approach

A
  • people have a general idea of the essence of a particular concept
  • members of a category have a fundamental similarity (essence)
35
Q

natural categories

A
  • occur naturally in the world
  • members share important characteristics or features
36
Q

artifact categories

A
  • include objects or conventions designed or invented by humans to serve particular functions
  • didn’t seem to share basic features
37
Q

Ad hoc categories

A
  • formed in the service of the same goal
  • member have a relationship to the context at hand
  • EX: car, monster, police, dog= things people get chased by
38
Q

metaphorical concept

A

common underlying theme unites the members

PSY 310 (1 decks)

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