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sports psych > EXAM 4 - CH. 17, 19, 20, 22 > Flashcards

EXAM 4 - CH. 17, 19, 20, 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relationship b/w injury and personality?

A

to date, personality factors associated with athletes’ injuries have NOT BEEN successfully identified

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2
Q

What are the TWO MAIN causes of stress-related injuries?

A

attentional disruption and increased muscle tension

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3
Q

attentional disruption

A

phenomena saying that stress disrupts an athlete’s attention by reducing peripheral attention, thus causing distraction and task-relevant thoughts

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4
Q

How does increased muscle tension lead to injury?

A

high stress can cause muscle tension and coordination interference

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5
Q

How does increased muscle tension lead to injury?

A

high stress can cause muscle tension and coordination interference

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6
Q

What ELSE can high stress cause, besides increased muscle tension?

A
  • generalized fatigue
  • muscle inefficiency
  • reduced flexibility
  • motor coordination problems
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7
Q

5 Stages of Reaction to Injury

A
  1. denial
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. depression
  5. acceptance
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8
Q

relationship b/w athletic injuries and identity loss ?

A

loss of identity can occur when athletes can no longer participate in a sport due to injury; an important part of themselves is lost b/c they more strongly identify with their job more than any other occupation

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9
Q

Other common injury reactions?

A

fear & anxiety; lack of confidence; performance decrements

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10
Q

fear & anxiety as an injury reaction

A

an athlete worries whether they will fully recover, if they will reinjure themselves, whether or not they will get their jobs back

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11
Q

lack of confidence as an injury reaction

A

can lead to decreased motivation, inferior performance, additional injury if overcompensating

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12
Q

performance decrements

A

post-injury performance declines, especially among athletes that have extremely difficult times adjusting to lowered expectations

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13
Q

What is the THREE PHASE PROCESS of injury recovery?

A
  1. injury/illness phase
  2. rehabilitation/recovery phase
  3. return to full activity phase
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14
Q

At what point is an athlete considered recovered?

A

when the athlete returns to normal competitive funcitoning

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15
Q

Who should be providing INFORMATIONAL support to an injured athlete?

A

coaches and medical professionals

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16
Q

Who should be providing SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL support to an injured athlete?

A

friends and family

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17
Q

4 main addictive & unhealthy behaviors?

A

compulsive gambling, eating disorders, addiction to exercise, substance abuse

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18
Q

What is the most common eating disorder in the United States?

A

disordered eating

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19
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

a psychological disease characterized by an intense fear of being obese, a disturbed body image, a significant weight loss, the refusal to maintain normal body weight, and amenorrhea

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20
Q

What two things differentiate bulimics from anorexics?

A
  1. control
  2. awareness
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21
Q

disordered eating

A

dieting and diet-related behaviors that are not as significant as a diagnosed ED, but still negatively affect a person’s physical, mental, emotional health

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22
Q

awareness in anorexics?

A

people with anorexia are TOTALLY UNAWARE that they have an eating disorder to the point where his or her learned resourcefulness/willpower is through the ROOF

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23
Q

awareness in bulimics?

A

bulimics are fully aware that they have an eating disorder to the point where it leads to lower self-esteem and higher self-deprecation

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24
Q

control in anorexics?

A

anorexics have EXTREME CONTROL (in a negative way) over their eating

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25
control in bulimics?
bulimics have little to no control over their eating/eating habits
26
Prevalence of eating disorders in sports = general?
athletes appear to have a greater occurrence of eating-related problems than the general population; significant percent of them are involved in subclinical pathogenic eating behaviors
27
How does gender impact prevalence of eating disorders in sport?
FEMALE athletes generally have HIGHER rates of eating disorders than male athletes; female athletes and females in the general pop. have eating disorders at about the same rate
28
What percentage of female athletes are AMENORRHEIC?
66% of female athletes; compared to 2-5% of nonathletes
29
What are the predisposing factors of eating disorders?
1. weight restrictions and standards 2. coach and peer pressure 3. sociocultural factors 4. performance demands 5. judging criteria [of a sport] 6. critical comments about body shape and weight 7. genetic + biological factors 8. mediating factors
30
What are the two most commonly abused substances in sport?
alcohol and tobacco (vaping)
31
Why exercise for psychological well-being?
physical activity is POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED with good mental health (in U.S. and Canadian populations)
32
acute effects of exercise - definition?
the short-term effects of physical activity and exercise
33
Overall, what do the acute effects of exercise lead to?
decreased STATE anxiety
34
Overall, what do the chronic effects of exercise lead to?
decreased TRAIT anxiety
35
What impact does exercise have on those with elevated anxiety?
it's especially effective for those with elevated levels of anxiety (more room for improvement, the faster you'll improve)
36
dose response
A dose-response relationship is one in which increasing levels of exposure are associated with either an increasing or a decreasing risk of the outcome.
37
Durations of exercise + reduction of anxiety?
all durations significantly reduce anxiety, with larger effects in exercising for periods of up to 30 minutes
38
chronic effects of exercise - definition?
exercise - associated with reduction of stress emotions such as state anxiety; reduction in TRAITS (neuroticism, anxiety)
39
Exercise helps reduce what stress indicators?
neuromuscular tension, resting heart rate, and some stress hormones
40
How does exercise enhance psych. well-being: PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
- increasing blood flow to the brain - changes in brain's neurotransmitters - increase in maximum oxygen consumption and delivery of oxygen to cerebral tissue - reductions in muscle tension - structural changes in the brain
41
How does exercise enhance psych. well-being: PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
- enhanced feeling of control - feeling of competency and self-efficacy - positive social interactions - improved self-concept + self-esteem - opportunities for fun and enjoyment
42
How does exercise impact changes in sleep?
it produces negligible increases in total sleep time BUT increases sleep quality SUBSTANTIALLY
43
How does exercise impact quality of life?
physically active people report a better quality of life
44
What exactly IS quality of life?
a person's behavioral functioning ability - being able to do everyday stuff and live long enough to do it
45
exercise in patients w/ HIV?
appears to be a therapeutic modality capable of enhancing components of subjective well-being for HIV patients
46
exercise in cancer patients?
beneficial in enhancing QOL of cancer survivors
47
exercise in MS patients?
plays a positive role in those with multiple sclerosis
48
prevalence of substance abuse - ALCOHOL
92% in high school athletes; 88% in college athletes
49
prevalence of substance abuse - PEDs?
only 5% of high school/college athletes; 40-60% among elite athletes
50
What percentage of athletes would take a banned PED if they weren't caught and guaranteed they would win?
NINETY-EIGHT PERCENT
51
What percentage of athletes would take a PED if it meant dying from side effects?
60%
52
steroid use in girls?
young girls as young as 9 years old are using bodybuilding steroids to get toned, sculpted look
53
statistics in girls' steroid use?
about 5% of high school girls and 7% of middle school girls ADMIT to trying to anabolic steroids at least once (admit key here b/c this is prob. underestimate)
54
What are the PHYSICAL reasons for taking drugs?
- enhance performance - rehabilitate injury - look better - control appetite + lose weight
55
What are some PSYCHOLOGICAL reasons for taking drugs?
- escape from unpleasant emotions + stress - build confidence - enhance self-esteem - seek thrills
56
What are some SOCIAL reasons for taking drugs?
- peer pressure - emulating/modeling athletic heroes
57
6 categories of performance-enhancing drugs
1. stimulants 2. narcotic analgesics 3. anabolic steroids 4. diuretics 5. beta-blockers 6. peptide hormones and analogues
58
purpose/function of stimulants?
= endurance
59
examples of stimulants?
caffeine, cocaine
60
function/purpose of anabolic steroids?
= muscle gain and fat loss
61
examples of anabolic steroids?
deca, anavar, testosterone
62
function/purpose of narcotic analgesics?
painkillers w/ narcotics (what's fueling the opioid epidemic)
63
examples of narcotic analgesics?
percocet, oxy.
64
beta-blockers
helps reduce anxiety by blocking things that would otherwise increase arousal (and thus increase state anxiety)
65
purpose of peptide hormones and analogues?
same REASONS for taking them as anabolic steroids
66
What is the definition of exercise addiction?
a psychological or physiological dependence on a regular regimen of exercise that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms after 24-36 hours without exercise
67
What makes it an ADDICTION to exercise?
addiction comes into play → life becomes STRUCTURED AROUND exercise that home and work responsibilities suffer
68
compulsive gambling
also called gambling disorder; the uncontrollable urge to keep gambling despite the toll it takes on your life
69
prevalence of compulsive gambling?
72% of NCAA DI football and basketball athletes engage in some form of gambling; among high school students, thought to be widespread

sports psych (4 decks)

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