Exam 4: Ch 16 Labor and Birth Processes

Question 1

The 5 P’s

Answer 1

• Passage- pelvis
• Passanger- fetus and placenta
• Power- contractions
• Psyche-mothers preparedness/mood, culture, previous pregnancies
• Position- mothers position

Question 2

Fetal presentation

Answer 2

refers to the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet and leads through the birth canal during labor

Question 3

3 main presentations

Answer 3

cephalic- head first

breech-feet first

shoulder-

Question 4

presenting part

Answer 4

part of the fetus that lies closest to the internal os of the cervix

Question 5

AT birth facing the ground

Answer 5

Anterior

Question 6

At birth facing sky

Answer 6

Posterior: may have a lot of bad back pain as fetus grinds down the back

Question 7

Vertex presentation

Answer 7

what we want: neck flexed to the chest

Question 8

positions to help engage fetus into pelvis

Answer 8

-squatting allows gravity to bring baby down and opens pelvis

-

Question 9

Every Darn Fool In Rotterdam Eats Rotten Egg Rolls Everyday

Answer 9

• Engagement
• Descent
• Flexion
• Internal rotation
• Extension
• Restitution
• External rotation
• Expulsion

Question 10

Engagement

Answer 10

biparitial diameter of the head passes the pelvic inlet

Question 11

Descent

Answer 11

the progress of the presenting part through the pelvis. Measured by the station

Question 12

Flexion

Answer 12

as soon as the descending head meets resistance from the cervix, pelvic wall, or pelvic floor, it normally flexes, so that the chin is brought into closer contact w/ the fetal chest.

Question 13

Internal rotation

Answer 13

the outlet is widest in the anteroposterior diameter, for the fetus to exit, the head must rotate. As the occiput rotates anteriorly, the face rotates posteriorly.

Question 14

Extension

Answer 14

the occiput, passes under lower border of the synthesis pubis first, and then head emerges be extension: first the occiput, then the face, and finally the chin.

Question 15

Restitution

Answer 15

head rotates to realign w. the shoulders.

Question 16

External rotation

Answer 16

the anterior shoulder descends first. When it reaches the outlet, it rotates to the midline and is delivered from under the pubic arch. The posterior shoulder is guided over the perineum until it is free of the vaginal introitus.

Question 17

Expulsion

Answer 17

after birth of the shoulders, the head and shoulders are lifted up toward the mothers pubic bone and the trunk of the baby is born by flexing it laterally in the direction of the symphysis pubis.

Question 18

Signs preceding labor

Answer 18

• Lightening
• Return of urinary frequency
• backache
• stronger Braxton Hicks
• weight loss of 1-3.5 labs
• surge of energy
• increased vaginal discharge;bloody show
• cervical ripening
• possible rupture of membranes

Question 19

Mechanism of labor

Answer 19

turns and other adjustments made to adapt to the birth canal

Question 20

Asynciltism

Answer 20

engagement into the pelvis.

-parallel to the anteroposterior plane of the pelvis

Question 21

Extreme asyncilitism

Answer 21

can cause cephalopelvic disproportion, even if a normal-sized pelvis, because the head is positioned so that it cannot descend

Question 22

Stage 1 of labor

Answer 22

onset of uterine contractions to full effacement and dilation

latent=little increase in descent; mostly effacement and dilation

active and transitional= more active dilation and descent

Question 23

Stage 2 of labor

Answer 23

fully dilated cervix to birth

latent=passive descent of fetus & rotating anterior or posterior

active=strong urges to bear down,

Question 24

Stage 3 of labor

Answer 24

birth of fetus to placental delivery

Question 25

Stage 4 of labor

Answer 25

delivery of placenta to 1-2 hours after birth

observe for abnormal bleeding