Exam 4 (Ch. 11,12,13)

Question 1

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 1

Any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person
–wearing a mask during covid pandemic

Question 2

Altruism

Answer 2

The desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper.
—giving money to charity and not putting it on your taxes

Question 3

The Reciprocity Norm

Answer 3

The expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future.

Question 4

Social exchange theory

Answer 4

what we do stems from desire to maximize rewards and minimize costs

Question 5

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 5

when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain

Question 6

What is aggression?

Answer 6

Intentional behavior aimed at causing physical harm or psychological pain to another person

Question 7

Hostile aggression

Answer 7

aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury

Question 8

Instrumental aggression

Answer 8

aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain

Question 9

Relational aggression

Answer 9

harming another person through the manipulation of relationships
-women are more likely perpetrators

Question 10

Frustration-Aggression Theory

Answer 10

the idea that frustration - the perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal - increases the probability of an aggressive response

Question 11

Deontological thinkers

Answer 11

believe in absolute moral truths

Question 12

Utilitarian thinkers

Answer 12

believe the most moral decision is the one that does the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 13

Dehumanization

Answer 13

the process whereby we deny another human being their full humanity
-a core component of prejudice
-limits empathy

Question 14

What’s the answer to number 1 on the exam?

Answer 14

D

Question 15

Catharsis equals what

Answer 15

sublimation and vice versa

Question 16

Altruism vs prosocial behavior

Question 17

when we look at altruism we concluded that either men and women are more altruistic

Answer 17

Neither.
A male often has to play the hero role in risky situations.
Women help with more day to day tasks.

Question 18

the norm of reciprocity states what?

Answer 18

If i do you a favor then you’re more likely to do me a favor

Question 19

social exchange theory is what?

Answer 19

we don’t do things because they’re good or bad, we do things because we get something in return

Question 20

Group selection

Answer 20

**evolutionary theory
individuals can evolve but so can the group

Question 21

what part of the brain contributes significantly to bystander distress

Answer 21

mirror neurons

Question 22

fear of strangers

Answer 22

xenophobia

Question 23

trying to experience events or emotions from someone else’s perspective

Answer 23

empathy

Question 24

when empathy is high we’re more likely to see the need for reward

Question 25

- in group share goals with - out groups goals not in line

Answer 25

- to help with in group we'd use an empathy strategies - giving rewards to gain help

Question 26

circle of concern

Answer 26

example: - global issues - economy - poverty we dont ignore just cant deal with everyday

Question 27

feelings of sadness and guilt what do they do to helpful behavior?

Answer 27

increase the likelihood of helping. for bragging rights

Question 28

when people are happy are they more likely to be helpful?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

stanley milgram is famous for

Answer 29

why good people do nothing urban overload hypothesis

Question 30

how do you define aggression

Answer 30

MEANT to harm

Question 31

forms of aggression

Question 32

what 2 primates are almost identical to us about 98%

Answer 32

chimpanzees and bonobos

Question 33

when men are aggressive, why are they aggressive (especially towards women)

Answer 33

dominance and jealousy

Question 34

when the testosterone levels are increased they are related to decision making and impulse control (which part of the brain)

Answer 34

prefrontal cortex

Question 35

1. murder rate for chimps match what era of human existence

Answer 35

hunter gatherer era

Question 36

2. compared to that murder rate, are we more likely to be murdered today or way back in the day?

Answer 36

back in the day less violent less cruel now

Question 37

spikes in violence due to long hot summer

Question 38

alcohol is the same as testosterone?

Question 39

what is frustration?

Answer 39

unintended - nothing to do with me - construction on the road or hitting every red light

Question 40

does frustration guarantee aggression?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

what is relative deprivation?

Answer 41

high expectations for something but being disappointed

Question 42

what is the weapon effect?

Answer 42

increases the likeliness of aggression if the weapon is present

Question 43

is there a time to be aggression?

Answer 43

when someone is aggressive to you. tit for tat. needs to be immediate.

Question 44

why do people use punishment?

Answer 44

it is easy and addictive. feels like it works immediately.

Question 45

deontological thinker

Answer 45

right is right and wrong is wrong. no exceptions

Question 46

difference between prejudice and discrimination

Question 47

how are stereotypes harmful and helpful