Exam 4 - Antidepressants

Question 1

Sleep disturbances are a common symptom of depression, how does it differ between kids and adults?

Answer 1

Adults = insomnia
Children = sleeps all day

Question 2

What type of depression is considered a “chemical imbalance” and responds to antidepressant medications?

Answer 2

Primary (endogenous) depression

Question 3

Secondary (exogenous) depression is caused by what?

Answer 3

Occurs chronological with pre-existing not-affective disorders, disease, trauma, and chronic pain,

Question 4

What is secondary (exogenous) depression completely alleviated by?

Answer 4

Treatment of the non-affective disorder

Question 5

What is bipolar disorder (manic depressive disorder) characterized by?

Answer 5

Recurrent wide swings in mood from depression to mania. Treat with lithium

Question 6

What is the name for depression related to decreased levels of synaptically released norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the brain and what is the result of an excess of these transmitters?

Answer 6

Biogenic amine hypothesis

Results in mania

Question 7

Limitations of the biogenic amine hypothesis include: _________ increase extracellular levels of NTs almost immediately. However their therapeutic effects are seen only after several ____ of treatment.

Answer 7

Antidepressants

Weeks

Question 8

An additional theory to the biogenic amine hypothesis suggests that antidepressants produce compensatory changes in the levels and or functioning of many receptors, what 4 receptors?

Answer 8

1. alpha 1
2. alpha 2
3. beta-adrenergic
4. serotonergic

Question 9

3 functions of serotonin

Answer 9

1. Elevates mood
2. Helps you fall asleep and have good quality of sleep
3. Acts on satiety center in the brain to help you feel full after eating

Question 10

In general, what is the mechanism of action of antidepressant medications?

Answer 10

Increase the amount of NT in the synaptic cleft either by inhibition of reuptake or enzymatic degradion

Question 11

Which type of antidepressant’s mechanism of action increases synaptic serotonin and norepinehrine?

Answer 11

Tricyclics

Question 12

Which type of antidepressant’s mechanism of action increases synaptic norepinephrine?

Answer 12

Tetracyclics

Question 13

Which type of antidepressant’s mechanism of action blocks the degradation of noreprinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin?

Answer 13

MAOIs

Question 14

Which type of antidepressant’s mechanism of action increases synaptic serotonin?

Answer 14

SSRIs

Question 15

How is dopamine-reuptake inhibitor bupropion (Wellburtrin, Zyban) used in dentistry?

Answer 15

Smoking cessation

Question 16

What are 2 side effects/risks associated with bupropion?

Answer 16

1. Increased risk for seizures

2. Risk for emergent hypertension with concurrent nicotine patch use

Question 17

What is the effect of the drug interaction of epinephrine with tricyclic and MAOI antidepressants?

Answer 17

Increased blood pressure - hypertension

Question 18

Which antidepressant causes increased extrapyramidal effects or bruxism?

Answer 18

SSRIs