EXAM 4: Anti-cancer Flashcards
Caner will cause: ___________ growth and lack of ____________
unregulated, differentiation
What is unregulated growth characterized by?
abnormal characteristics of cells (#, shape, size)
What is lack of differentiation characterized by?
maturity: structure & function, rate of growth, and spread (metastasis)
What are the three goals of chemotherapy?
1) cure 2) contol 3) symptom relief
What are the two types of chemotherapy?
1) cytotoxic (kill fast growing cells - cancerous AND health) and 2) noncytotoxic agents (non-toxic cells, suppress hormone-assoc. cancers)
For cytotoxic chemotherapy and the interference w/ cell replication, cell cycle-specific (CCS): 1) do not work in what phase? 2) is the state of what? 3) and has least amount of what?
1) G0 2) normal cells and core of tumor 3) side effects
For cytotoxic chemotherapy and the interference w/ cell replication, cell noncycle-nonspecific (CCNS): 1) work in what phase? 2) affects what? 3) and has more amount of what than CCS?
1) ALL phases, including G0 2) all types of cells and core of tumor 3) more side effects
For cytotoxic chemotherapy and the interference w/ cell replication, combination therapy: 1) does what to drug resistance 2) does what to effectiveness? 3) and has severe what compared to CCS CCNS?
1) decrease 2) increase 3) side effects
General Chemotherapy Nursing: what antiemetic is used to negate infusion reactions?
ondansetron or promethazine
General Chemotherapy Nursing: what antihistamine is used to negate infusion reactions?
diphenhydramine
General Chemotherapy Nursing: what glucocorticoid is used to negate infusion reactions?
dexamethasone
General Chemotherapy Nursing: what histamine-2 receptor blocker is used to negate infusion reactions?
famotidine
General Chemotherapy Nursing: what analgesic/antipyretic is used to negate infusion reactions?
acetaminophen or NSAID
If a chemo allergic reaction is suspected, what do you do?
STOP the infusion and contact provider
What drugs should you be prepared to use if a chemo allergic reaction is suspected?
diphenhydramine, glucocorticoid, epinephrine
What other two actions should be prepared to be used if a chemo allergic reaction occurs?
fluid resuscitation with IV NS and intubation/ventilation
What might you find in a patient taking cytotoxic agents?
coughng up blood, peeing blood
Are side effects of cytotoxic agents temporary? and why?
YES, becuase normal healthy cells the cytoxic agents kill can repair themselves
What is one key side effect of cytotoxic agents? and what does it cause?
mucositis (stomatitis) - inflammation of the mucus membrane of GI/GU/resp. tract
S/s of mucositis?
pain, malnutrition, hematuria, upper/lower GI bleed, hemoptysis
Treatment for oral/GI tract mucositis?
magic mouthwash
What does magic mouthwast combination of drugs contrain?
diphenhydramine, lidocaine, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, nystatin, hydrocortisone
Cytotoxic agent cause the side effect myelosuppression (nadir) - what s/s should you be aware of?
low Hgb, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia
What is a med you hold during chemo? and why?
ASA, due to GI bleed
