Exam 4 Flashcards
The ________ ear houses the organs for hearing and equilibrium
inner
Sound pressure waves deflect the tympanic membrane, which causes movement of the _________ in the middle ear.
ossicles
The __________ is the measurement of the intensity (loudness) of a sound.
decibel
__________ is commonly known as ear wax.
cerumen
serous fluid
sebaceous
pinna
cerumen
The Eustachian tube (or pharygotympanic/auditory tube) is a 1.5 inch channel that connects the ___________ to the back of the nasopharynx.
auricle
external ear
inner ear
middle ear
middle ear
___________ (pitch) is a measurement of how many cycles of a sound wave occur in 1 second
frequency
The arrow is pointing to the ____________.
tympanic membrane
The arrows are pointing to the _________.
ear canal
Eustachian tube
semicircular canal
vestibulocochlear nerve
Eustachian tube
Which arrow is pointing to the ossicles?
A
Photoreceptors are located in which layer of the eye?
retina
_____________ is used to determine whether a person is near-sighted, a condition known as ____________
eye chart ; myopia
Light passes through the following structures in which order?
vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor
aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor (CALV)
What is the main function of the rods in the eye?
vision in dim light
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
iris
The gel-like fluid located in the posterior segment of the eyeball is called _________ __________. (2 words)
vitreous humor
Which letter is pointing to the lens?
B
The white, outer part of the eye is called the:
sclera
A _________ occurs when the lens begins to become opaque and obstruct the passage of light.
cataract
The blind spot of the eye is where ________.
the optic nerve leaves the eye
The sensory organ for hearing is contained within the __________.
cochlea
Paralysis of muscles involved in facial expression could be caused by damage to which cranial nerve?
facial
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT responsible for movement of the eye?
trigeminal
abducens
trochlear
oculomotor
trigeminal
The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all EXCEPT the ________.
trochlear
trigeminal
glossopharyngeal
facial
trochlear
Difficulty in swallowing could be caused by damage to either the vagus nerve or the _________ nerve.
trochlear
facial
glossopharyngeal
accessory
glossopharyngeal
The abducens nerves control movement of the _________.
eyes
Name the cranial nerve that controls the majority of the extrinsic eye muscles (one word).
oculomotor
Asking a patient to detect the scent of cinnamon tests the function of the _________ nerves.
olfactory
The ability to detect small differences between weights is easier when both weights are _________.
lighter
The _________ reflex is useful for evaluating sympathetic pathways to the eye and face.
ciliospinal
Which of the following is represented by the RED line in the diagram below?
motor neuron
Gently applying pressure to your eyeball causes the perception of ____________.
sound
light
cold
afterimage
light
Tapping of the patellar tendon is the ________ for the knee-jerk reflex.
stimulus
The type and amount of stimulus that is required to be detectable by a receptor is called:
adequate stimulus
A Snellen chart is used to test for:
visual acuity
Light passes through the following structures in which order?
vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor
aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor (CALV)
In a sheep or cow eye, you will observe an extensive iridescent-colored area of choroid coat just posterior to the retina. This layer is called the _______ _______ (2 words). (spell)
tapetum lucidum
Photoreceptors are located in which layer of the eye?
retina
When aqueous fluid cannot properly drain, intraocular pressure can increase, causing _________.
glaucoma
The Ishihara plates shown in the lab manual are used to test for ____________.
color blindness
The arrow is pointing to the ________ ____________ (2 words) (spell)
vitreous humor
_____________ is used to determine whether a person is near-sighted, a condition known as ____________
eye chart ; myopia
___________ can be caused by an uneven curvature of the cornea.
astigmatism
The gel-like fluid located in the posterior segment of the eyeball is called _________ __________. (2 words) (spell)
vitreous humor
The Eustachian tube (or pharygotympanic/auditory tube) is a 1.5 inch channel that connects the ___________ to the back of the nasopharynx.
middle ear
The ____________ is a measurement unit for the intensity (loudness) of sound.
decibel
Sound pressure waves deflect the tympanic membrane, which causes movement of the _________ in the middle ear.
ossicles
__________, commonly known as ear wax, is secreted by cells in the ear canal to help protect the ear.
cerumen
___________ (pitch) is a measurement of how many cycles of a sound wave occur in 1 second.
frequency
Where is the organ of hearing housed?
B
A
C
D
E
D
The sensory organ for hearing is within the __________.
tympanic membrane
cochlea
endolymph
ossicle
cochlea
Name one purely sensory cranial nerve. (spell)
olfactory
“Nearsightedness” is called _________.
hyperopia
emmetropia
presbyopia
myopia
myopia
The thin film on the posterior of the eye that contains the photoreceptors
retina layer
Which special sense is this structure the receptor for?
hearing
An extensive iridescent-colored area of the choroid enables some mammals, such as cats, sheep, and cows, to:
detect infared wavelengths
detect light in dark conditions
all of these
detect UV wavelengths
detect light in dark conditions
The cranial nerve that travels down to the abdominal and thoracic cavities
vestibulocochlear
vagus
hypoglossal
accessory
vagus
Of the following structures, which is served by the greatest number of cranial nerves?
nose
ear
tongue
eye
eye
Which of the following cranial nerves is purely sensory?
trigeminal
oculomotor
olfactory
facial
olfactory
The cranial nerve serving the muscles of the neck and shoulders:
vagus
hypoglossal
accessory
glossopharyngeal
accessory
The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all EXCEPT the ________.
facial
trigeminal
trochlear
glossopharyngeal
trochlear
Which cranial nerve is primarily affected when a dentist injects Novocaine into the gums to numb the teeth?
Hypoglossal
Trigeminal
Glossopharyngeal
Facial
Trigeminal
Name the cranial nerve that controls the majority of the extrinsic eye muscles (one word).
oculomotor
Asking a patient to detect the scent of cinnamon tests the function of the _________ nerves.
olfactory
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
trochlear
olfactory
Which of the following is NOT involved in the “gag reflex?”
accessory
glossopharyngeal
more than one of the above
vagus
accessory
This brain region is responsible for relaying sensory
impulses to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.
medulla oblongata
hypothalamus
thalamus
brain stem
thalamus
This cranial nerve provides sensory reception for taste on the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue.
glossopharyngeal
trigeminal
facial
vagus
facial
The cranil nerve that is responsible for control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle is:
vagus
hypoglassal
accessory
accessory
A person that sways excessively and loses their balance while standing on one foot with eyes closed may have damage to this cranial nerve.
accessory
olfactory
trigeminal
vestibulocochlear
vestibulocochlear
This brain region helps control balance, posture and fine motor coordination by monitoring receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints.
occipital lobe of cerebrum
frontal lobe of cerebrum
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
The _____ is the “mater controller” of the endocrine system, located just inferior to and regulated by the hypothalamus.
pineal gland
pons
pituitary gland
mammillary body
pituitary gland
The cranial nerve that travels down to the abdominal and thoracic cavities
vestibulocochlear
vagus
hypoglossal
accessory
vagus
Of the following structures, which is served by the greatest number of cranial nerves?
nose
ear
tongue
eye
eye
Which of the following cranial nerves is purely sensory?
trigeminal
oculomotor
olfactory
facial
olfactory
The cranial nerve serving the muscles of the neck and shoulders:
vagus
hypoglossal
accessory
glossopharyngeal
accessory
The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all EXCEPT the ________.
facial
trigeminal
trochlear
glossopharyngeal
trochlear
Which cranial nerve is primarily affected when a dentist injects Novocaine into the gums to numb the teeth?
Hypoglossal
Trigeminal
Glossopharyngeal
Facial
Trigeminal
Name the cranial nerve that controls the majority of the extrinsic eye muscles (one word).
oculomotor
Damage to which cranial nerve might cause balance problems (one word)?
vestibulocochlear
Asking a patient to detect the scent of cinnamon tests the function of the _________ nerves.
olfactory
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
trochlear
olfactory
Which of the following is NOT involved in the “gag reflex?”
accessory
glossopharyngeal
more than one of the above
vagus
accessory
Which of the following is represented by the RED line in the diagram below?
sensory neuron
afferent pathway
interneuron
effector
motor neuron
Motor neuron
Which of the following is represented by the BLUE line in the diagram below?
effector
stimulus
efferent pathway
sensory neuron
motor neuron
sensory neuron
The ability to detect small differences between weights is easier when both weights are _________.
equal to one another
lighter
different temperatures
heavier
lighter
The type and amount of stimulus that is required to be detectable by a receptor is called:
adaptation
adequate stimulus
two-point discrimination
one-point discrimination
adequate stimulus
In terms of sensation, as threshold increases, sensitivity ___________.
decreases
also increases
stays the same
decreases
Which of the following outlines the correct order events in a reflex arc?
integration –> response –> sensation
sensation –> response –> integration
response –> sensation –> integration
sensation –> integration –> response
sensation –> integration –> response
Tactile afterimage occurs as a result of the phenomenon known as __________, in which receptors become less sensitive in the presence of a continuous stimulus.
Weber-Fechner principle
discrimination
reflex arcs
adaptation
adaptation
After submerging your left hand in warm water for 1 minute, you place your left hand room-temperature water. How does this water feel (as perceived from your left hand)?
warmer than before, due to shifting of physiological zero
cooler than room temperature
the same temperature as the previous warm water
dry due to adaptation
cooler than room temperature
Seeing a “spot” after look at a camera’s flash is an example of ___________.
atypical sensation
astigmatism
afterimage
adaptation
afterimage
Spinal reflexes do not require input from the brain to take place.
True
False
True
Photoreceptors are located in which layer of the eye
retina
cornea
lens
schlera
retina
_____________ is used to determine whether a person is near-sighted, a condition known as ____________
vision disk; myopia
vision disk; hyperopia
eye chart; hyperopia
eye chart; myopia
eye chart; myopia
Light passes through the following structures in which order?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
What is the main function of the rods in the eye?
color vision
depth perception
vision in dim light
accommodation for near vision
vision in dim light
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
aqueous humor
cornea
lens
iris
iris
The gel-like fluid located in the posterior segment of the eyeball is called _________ __________. (2 words)
Vitreous humor
Which letter is pointing to the lens?
B
The white, outer part of the eye is called the:
retina
cornea
sclera
lens
sclera
A _________ occurs when the lens begins to become opaque and obstruct the passage of light.
stigmatism
cataract
floater
glaucoma
cataract
The blind spot of the eye is where ________.
the macula lutea is located
only cones occur
more rods than cones are found
the oculomotor nerve leaves the eye
the optic nerve leaves the eye
the optic nerve leaves the eye
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all EXCEPT which of the following?
olfactory
oculomotor
trigeminal
facial
olfactory
Which of the following does NOT serve the “gag reflex?”
more than one of the above
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
accessory
Cranial nerve X leaves the head region and travels to the abdominal and thoracic viscera:
accessory
vagus
glossopharyngeal
vestibulocochlear
vagus
The majority of the taste buds are served by the sensory branch of this cranial nerve.
accessory
facial
abducens
trigeminal
vestibulocochlear
facial
When students look at a red color plate on a black background for 30 seconds, then look at a white piece of paper they should see ________.
red
black
green
purple
green
The patellar (knee jerk) reflex is an example of a ________ reflex.
stretch
withdrawal
crossed-extensor
autonomic
stretch
The _________ reflex is useful for evaluating sympathetic pathways to the eye and face.
stretch
oculocardiac
ciliospinal
Babinski
ciliospinal
The anterior chamber contains ________, a watery fluid produced by the ciliary body.
lacrima
aqueous humor
vitreous humor
tapetum lucidum
aqueous humor
Which letter is pointing to the cornea?
E
D
C
B
A
E
The ossicle that touches the oval window is called the _______. (one word)
stirrup - aka stapes
How many bones are found in the middle ear?
1
2
4
3
3
___________ is the term used to describe the persistent perception of sound such as ringing or buzzing the the absence of external stimulus.
tinnitus
presbycusis
otitis media
otosclerosis
tinnitus
Hearing impairment caused by problems in the cochlea, the cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory pathway to the cerebral cortex is called _________ hearing loss.
otitis
conductive
sensorineural
endolymph
sensorineural
