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Kin Chapters 12-15 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 12

A

Special considerations related to exercise and injury prevention

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2
Q

homeotherms

A

regulated body temp

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3
Q

heat illness

A

cramps, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, lack of swear,

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4
Q

convection

A

movement of air or water around the body

ex. fans

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5
Q

evaporation

A

heat release as sweat converts to gas

*if air temperature and humidity are high, evaporation is limited

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6
Q

acclimatization

A

physiological adaptations to environment that decrease the likelihood of heat injury

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7
Q

heat injury

A

occurs when the heat loads exceeds body’s ability to regulate body temperature

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8
Q

heat cramps

A

characterized by muscle spasms or twitching of the limbs

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9
Q

heat exhaustion

A

general weakness, fatigue, a possible drop in BP, blurred vision, loss of consciousness

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10
Q

heat stroke

A

stops sweating, involuntary limb movements, seizures, rapid heartbeat

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11
Q

exercising in hot/humid conditions

A
  • keep sessions 15-20 mins max

* monitor heart rate

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12
Q

hypothermia

A

significant decline in body temp due to exposure in the cold

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13
Q

base layer

A

removes moisture from skin, moves it to next layer, avoid cotton

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14
Q

middle layer

A

heavier than base layer, wicks moisture outward

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15
Q

outer layer

A

protects you from wind/water, hats, scarves

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16
Q

Acute mountain sickness (AMS)

A
  • occurs at altitudes above 8000 ft
  • affects approx. 20% of individuals exercising at this altitude
  • symptoms: headaches, nausea, dizziness
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17
Q

Avoiding AMS

A
  • ascend slowly
  • sleep at lowest elevation possible
  • eat a high-carb diet
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18
Q

ozone

A
  • gas produced from sunlight and car exhaust

* chest tightness, coughing, headaches

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19
Q

carbon monoxide

A
  • gas from fossil fuels and cigarette smoke

* reduces bloods capacity to carry oxygen to body and muscles

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20
Q

main causes of exercise injury

A
  • improper training techniques (overtraining) (inappropriate recovery period)
  • inadequate shoes
  • alignment abnormalities in legs and feet
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21
Q

back pain

A
  • cause: muscle weakness in abdomen and lower back

* prevention: increase flexibility and strength

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22
Q

acute muscle soreness

A
  • cause: excessive duration or intensity

* prevention: begin/end exercise sessions gradually

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23
Q

delayed onset muscle soreness

A
  • cause: excessive duration/intensity

* prevention: refrain from strenuous or prolonged exercise

24
Q

muscle strains

A
  • cause: overstretched muscle forced to shorten against a heavy load
  • prevention: limit stress on muscles, always warm up
25
Q

tendonitis

A
  • cause: swelling in the tendon

* prevention: proper exercise technique avoiding joint overuse

26
Q

ligament sprains

A
  • cause: excessive force applied to a joint

* prevention: use a brace

27
Q

torn cartilage

A
  • cause: high force or unusual movements

* prevention: limit high stress activties on joint/avoid movements outside normal range of motion

28
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)

A
  • cause: patella “off track”

* prevention: proper technique

29
Q

shin splints

A
  • cause: inflammation of the connective tissue, overuse

* prevention: advance exercise slowly, run of soft surfaces

30
Q

stress fracture

A
  • cause: excessive force applied to the leg or foot, overuse

* prevention: avoid overtraining, increase load gradually

31
Q

RICE method

A

R-Rest
I-Ice (reduces swelling and pain)
C-Compressions (reduce swelling)
E-Elevation (reduces BP and swelling)

32
Q

Cytokinesis

A

a rehabilitation technique that incorporates alternating periods of treatment, using ice, exercise and rest

33
Q

Chapter 13

A

Cancer

34
Q

Cancer

A

group of diseases characterized by the growth and spread of abnormal cells

35
Q

Carcinogens

A

cancer-causing agents

ex: radiation, chemicals, drugs, toxins

36
Q

**CAUTION

A 
C- Change in bowel habits
A- Area that does not heal
U- Unusual bleeding
T- Thickening or lump
I- Indigestion
O- Obvious change in size in a mole
N- Nagging or persistent cough
37
Q

lung cancer

A

leading cause of all cancer deaths

38
Q

colon and rectal cancer

A

3rd leading cause of cancer deaths

*after age 50

39
Q

Breast cancer

A

second most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in women

40
Q

prostate cancer

A

second leading cause of cancer deaths in men

41
Q

testicular cancer

A

one of the most common cancers in young men

42
Q

Skin cancer

A
  • most common cancer overall

* 3 types: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma

43
Q

uterine, ovarian, and cervical cancer

A

most common type of uterine cancer is endometrial cancer

44
Q

ovarian risk factors

A
  • age, obesity, genetics, infertility, breast cancer

* linked to HPV

45
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

4th leading cause of cancer deaths

46
Q

***examine moles using the ABCD rule

A

A: Asymmetry
B: Border
C: Color
D: Diamter

47
Q

woman are ___ more likely to get lung cancer

A

3X

48
Q

viruses

A

can invade cells/damaged DNA = blood, liver, lymphatic

49
Q

occupational carcinogens

A

sources: industrial chemicals, abestos, auto paints, pesticides

50
Q

chapter 14

A

sexually transmitted infections

51
Q

HIV/AIDS

A
  • HIV virus leads to AIDS
  • First stage: Silent stage- no physical symptoms
  • Second stage: the symptomatic infection- symptoms emerge including fatigue, fever, weight loss
  • Third stage: AIDS- symptoms from second stage, pneumonia, cancer
52
Q

Hepatitis B (HBV)

A
  • viral infection that causes liver disease
  • no cure
  • symptoms: jaundice, reduced appetite, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, chronic fatigue
  • diagnosed by a blood test
53
Q

Herpes

A
  • type 1: lips or mouth
  • type 2: genitals
  • no cure
54
Q

chlamydia

A
  • common bacterial STI
  • 20% of college students are infected
  • 7-21 days after infection
  • diagnosed by a urine test or swab
  • can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
55
Q

gonnorrhea

A
  • 2nd most common bacterial infection
  • “the clap”
  • only 20% of women develop symptoms
  • curable with antibiotics
56
Q

syphilis

A
  • bacterial infection
  • 4 stages:
    1. primary syphilis: chancre
    2. secondary syphilis: skin rash, hair loss, sores
    3. latent syphilis: w out symptoms, spreading
    4. tertiary syphilis: heart damage, blindness, deafness, paralysis, mental people
  • diagnosed with a blood test
  • cured by antibiotics
57
Q

prevention

A
  • abstinence
  • limit number of partners
  • condoms
  • discussing stis

Kin Chapters 12-15 (1 decks)

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