Exam 4 Flashcards
What is the best way to deal with a fire on board a ship?
By preventing them
How do most fires occur?
Human error and or poor housekeeping
What does SOLAS chapter 11–2 address?
Fire protection, fire detection, fire extinguishing
What CFR addresses fire prevention and response?
CFR 46
What are the three necessary elements of a fire?
Oxygen heat and fuel
the fire tetrahedron represent the addition of what other component?
The exothermic chain reaction
The lowest temperature at a given liquid will ignite is the
Flashpoint
The lowest temperature which a given liquid will continue to burn is the
Ignition temperature/fire point
The lowest temperature which the fuel will spontaneously ignite is the
Combustion temperature/auto ignition point
What class fire is wood paper or cloth trash and other ordinary materials?
A
Gasoline oil paint in other flammable liquids is a class
B
Combustible metals and combustible metal alloys are what class of fire?
D
Cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats)
Class K
What type of fire require special suppression techniques?
D
A water fire extinguisher is used for
Class a fire only
A foam fire extinguisher is used for
Class a and B fires only
CO2 fire extinguishers are used for
Class B and C fires only
A dry chem fire extinguisher is used for
Class a B and C fires
Inhibiting the chemical chain reaction, such as water mist, dry chemical, or Halon
Class B
Conductive agents like water should not be used on
Class C
Suppression by removing oxygen or water
Class K
What does water due to a fire?
Absorbs latent heat – removes large quantity of heat
What are some ways to remove heat from a fire?
Water, foam, missed, NOVEC&FM 200
What are some ways to remove oxygen from a fire?
CO2, foam, close the space
What system is replacing Halon
NOVEC & FM 200
What is a way to remove flammable liquid from a fire?
By closing a valve that’s supplying the flammable liquid
What type of fire extinguisher is good protection against reflash?
Dry chemical
What type of fire extinguisher does not offer good protection against reflash?
CO2
What is the most versatile, easiest, and readily available source of fire protection?
Water
American fire hoses are typically
2 1/2” & 1 1/2”
100psi ~
100ft stream
35 cubic feet of water =
1 ton
Sprinkler systems are commonly found on
Passenger ships & Ro/Ro
A 2 1/2” hose with 120 psi~ ~
=~
800gpm
110 cubic ft
3 tons/minute
How did the S. S. Normandie capsize?
Excessive firefighting water pumped on board
An eductor utilizes
Venturi principle
Co2 can be
Hand held
Semi portable
Fixed systems
A fixed co2 system requires
Closed protected compartments, and releases calculated required quantity to extinguish the flames
What are some advantages to CO2 systems?
No consequential damage, it’s transported through long distances their pipelines, and it’s a relatively low-cost material
What are some disadvantages to CO2 systems?
High risk to personnel, large quantity of gas needed, cylinders have to be stored in an isolated space, many safety devices needed, and the action is not repeatable
What system is an alternative to CO2?
NOVEC
NOVEC advantages
Less environmental impact, less harmful to personnel, no special room, no residue, not stored under pressure, easier to handle, more effective on volume basis
NOVEC disadvantages
Hi refill cost, toxic gas my form due to fire in engine room
Class K fires are a
Subclass of class B fires.
Class K flames can be extinguished by
Wet chemical or dry chemical
Galley fire suppression systems typically have a
Remote actuating station
An exceptionally efficient fire safety technology, that uses significantly less water than traditional sprinkler systems while achieving a similar or better level of performance while minimizing fire and water damage is called a
Hi velocity fog
What occurs by self heating do to exothermic internal reactions followed by thermal runaway?
Spontaneous combustion
Name the three basic types of fire sensors.
Smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors
Smoke detectors utilize
Optical and ionization
Heat detectors utilize
Rate of rise and fixed temperature
Flame detectors utilize
Ultraviolet, infrared, thermal imaging camera
What also makes a good fire detector?
Humans
What are the essential components of a fire detection system?
Sensors, central control, alarms, possible tie in with extinguishment
What is constructed to control the spread of fires on a ship?
Fire control bulkheads
Fire control bulkheads are spaced and arranged to create what?
Fire zones
Fire control bulkheads are classified as
A, B, C, depending on the ability to limit the spread of flame and smoke
Class a bulkheads are capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame for how long?
One hour
Class B bulkheads are capable of preventing the passage of flame for
1/2 hour
How many firefighting protection outfits must be on a cargo ship and likewise how many on a tanker ship
Two on a cargo ship minimum of four on a tanker
What must a fire control station have?
The display of fire alarm system, cabinet containing the quick closing valve control, stop buttons for mechanical ventilation, smoke extraction cabinet, remote control cabinet for CO2 system, remote operation of fire screen doors, fireman outfit, SCBA
When must a muster list be posted?
Before the vessel begins voyage
Where must the muster list be posted?
Conspicuous places throughout the basil, the bridge, engine room, accommodation spaces
What is a main cause of spontaneous combustion?
Oily rags and poor ventilation
A vessel floats because
The gravitational force pulling it downward is offset by the upward buoyant force, hence a state of equilibrium
Archimedes principle states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid =
The weight of the fluid that the body displaces
The buoyant force acts in the upward direction at the
Center of mass of the displaced fluid
The weight of the displaced volume of fluid will
Equal the weight of the floating body
As long as the value of G is offset by the value of B,
The vessel will remain a float
The locations in relative positions of B and G are crucial in maintaining
Upright flotation
The center of buoyancy is located
At the center of the immersed portion of the hull
The center of gravity is the point at which
The sum of the vertically acting downward force of gravity can be considered to act
The overall gravitational force acts through
The center of gravity
The ability of a vessel to float upright and return to an upright position when any upsetting force is no longer present is known as
Stability
When the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy are vertically aligned initially this is known as
Initial stability
When An upsetting force is introduced such as wind or waves
G remains in position, but B shift to the new center of the immersed hull
When G and B are vertically offset, what is then created?
The righting moment
The point where the B vector crosses the transverse center line is called the
Metacenter
B always acts vertically through the
Metacenter
The greater the distance between G and M, the greater the
Initial stability
The distance between the center of gravity and the metacenter is the
Metacentric height
A stiff ship, short rolling period, and cranky are all characteristics of a
Large GM value
Tender ship and long rolling period are characteristics of a
Small GM value
When a vessel is upright,
K, B, G, & M are all aligned on the centerline
