exam 4 Flashcards
Three presentations of the plague
bubonic, septicemia, and pneumonic
how is bubonic plague spread
only by contact pus
how is pneumonic plague spread
spread from person to person
People with the plague get it from primarily what?
rodents
What percentage of global dz and deaths are attributed to environmental factors?
25%
What is an example of environmental justice?
cleaning and building parks
What does the environmental theory state?
states that nursing is achieved through alteration of the environment to promote halth
What impact did the clean air act have?
decreased the rate of asthma and heart attacksand save a lot of money
What is more likely to occur if you are a poor person of color?
likely to live near hazardous waste, and more likely to have kids with asthma or lead poisoned
What is an example of a pollutant from the healthcare industry?
Dioxin
What are the names for synthetic chemicals created by the healthcare industry?
persistant bioaccumulative toxins PBTs and persistent organic pollutants POPs
How is Dioxin created?
from inceneration of chlorine
Examples of bio hazard waste
culture dishes, soaked bandages, removed body organs, and surgical equipment
Medical waste tracking act
established cradle-to-grave tracking, standards for packaging and labeling, and penalties for mismanagement
Who are at higher risk of the effects of toxic substances?
young children, older adults, and pregnant women
Where is asbestos
Found in drywall and ceiling tiles
Risk of asbestos is related to what three factors?
Number of fibers breathed in, duration of exposure, and frequency of exposure
when do s/s occur from asbestos?
15-40 years after exposure
What products contain lead?
paint, gasoline, cosmetics, and products imported from other countries
how are children usually exposed to lead?
Dust that is tracked into the house
How can lead get into the drinking water?
from lead containing pipes, faucets, and solder
What does boiling water do for lead?
This does nothing
How can you reduce the amount of lead in drinking water?
Running cold water first, but does not completely eliminate the lead
Jobs that involve lead
construction, plumbing, printing, military, automobile repair
How is lead stored in the body?
stored for long period of time in teeth and bones. Released during bodily stress
Examples of bodily stress where lead will be released?
pregnancy, breastfeeding, calcium deficiency, and osteoporosis
What body part is most sensitive to lead?
the brain
Affects of lead on young children
lowered IQ, ADD, bad hearing, anemia, and decreased growth
Affects of lead on older adults
Thyroid, pregnancy/offspring, and fertility
How to protect from lead
wet-clean all surfaces, cover bare soil, and test toys from other countries
What contains CO
cars, trucks, gas and oil furnaces, generators, and charcoal grills
s/s of CO poisoning
HA, dizzy, weakness, chest pain (flu-like)
Hallmark sign of CO poisoning
s/s in multiple family members and symptoms occur in morning and go away when leaving the house.
Who is at higher sensitivity for mold?
some people are allergic, people with chronic lung dz like asthma
How to clean mold
1 cup of bleach to 1 gallon of water
How can you detect mold in a house?
Has a very earthy smell. Look for water damage
How is radon produced?
breakdown of uranium
How can you spot radon in a home?
Cracks in a basement, construction joints, and gaps in pipes.
Two main sources of radon in a house
soil and water
Radon through soil causes what?
It is inhaled causing lung cancer
Radon through water causers what?
Ingested causing stomach cancer, or inhaled through the shower causing lung cancer
Mnemonic used for environmental exposure history
I PREPARE
What are US adults more likely to do in healthcare in US compared to other countries?
They are more likely to skip care and struggle with paying medical bills
Developing countries struggle building healthcare systems because why?
Most of the global funds are used for disaster and famine (scarce food) relief
Non communicable dz account for how many of the deaths worldwide
75%
Epidemiologic transition
When a change in the balance of dz in a population from communicable dz to non communicable dz
5 examples of communicable dz
smallpox, polio, TB, diarrheal illness, and STIs
How was smallpox eradicated?
Active surveillance and ring vaccination
why is polio hard to eradicate?
It has a longer period of silent communicability, and not as many people are working together to get rid of it like smallpox
Crazy stats about TB
1/3 of the population has it and it kills 5,000 people a day
How do we control diarheal cz?
improve nutrition and living conditions
Three major diarrheal syndromes
acute watery, persistent, bloody
what is the main complication of chlamydia?
it can lead to PID which leads to ectopic pregnancy
which ages are most likely to contract chlamydia?
ages 15 to 19
examples of neglected dz
dengue fever, guinea worm, leprosy, and leishmaniasis
veracity
Telling the truth
fidelity
loyalty and commitment, keeping promises
social justice
all parties are treated equally
deontology
is concerned with duty (professional code of ethics)
teleology or utilitarianism
concerned with consequences. Does the end justify the means?
market justice
best way to help people is to avoid regulaitons
social justice
best way to help people is by using laws and regulations
components of a community nursing diagnosis
should use the word ‘among’. should focus on prevention, and AEB should use statistics
examples of direct cost
labor, materials, and travel
when does the budget need to be done?
during the planning stage
whose work yielded primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention?
Leavell and CLark
Laffrey and winklers work
thought health promotion should be health oriented and disease oriented
Community based participitory research is based on what?
collaboration and partnership
