Exam 4 Flashcards
Reserve buoyancy is _______.
A. transverse watertight bulkheads
B. the void portion of the ship below the waterline which is enclosed and watertight
C. the watertight part of a vessel above the waterline
D. a measure of metacentric height
C. the watertight part of a vessel above the waterline
Hatches on small passenger vessels operating on exposed waters and exposed to the weather ________.
A) must be watertight
B) must be open at all times
C) need not be watertight
D) None of the above
A) must be watertight
Vessels subject to SOLAS are required to keep watertight doors closed while the vessel is navigating. Which of the following is an exception to this requirement?
A. ramps forming an alternative closure if the primary closure is still secured
B. watertight doors in the machinery spaces for the convenience of the engineers
C. cargo loading doors in the collision bulkhead if the vessel is in a light condition
D. any door stated in the ship’s stability book as being permitted to remain open
D. any door stated in the ship’s stability book as being permitted to remain open
Regulations define the bulkhead deck as __________.
A. any deck extending from stem to stern
B. the uppermost deck to which transverse watertight bulkheads extend
C. the lowermost deck to which transverse watertight bulkheads extend
D. the uppermost complete deck
B. the uppermost deck to which transverse watertight bulkheads extend
SOLAS requires that passenger vessels make an entry in the log book for all drills and inspections of watertight doors. What other information relevant to the watertight doors is required to be entered?
A. an explicit record of the time required for the door to complete the opening cycle
B. an explicit record of all the maintenance performed to the door
C. an explicit record of the time required for the door to complete the entire operational cycle
D. an explicit record of any defect that may have been disclosed
D. an explicit record of any defect that may have been disclosed
The fittings used to secure a watertight door are known as __________.
A. clamps
B. clasps
C. dogs
D. latches
C. dogs
The volume of a vessel’s intact watertight space above the waterline is its __________.
A. free surface
B. marginal stability
C. reserve buoyancy
D. freeboard
C. reserve buoyancy
Progressive flooding is controlled by securing watertight boundaries and __________.
A. transferring water ballast
B. jettisoning cargo
C. pumping out flooded compartments
D. abandoning ship
C. pumping out flooded compartments
SOLAS requires a logbook entry for the operation of watertight door drills. Which of the following lists the frequency that these drills are required to be conducted for passenger vessels?
A. weekly
B. monthly
C. bi-weekly
D. quarterly
A. weekly
The center of the underwater volume of a floating vessel is the __________.
A. center of buoyancy
B. center of flotation
C. uncorrected height of the center of gravity of the vessel
D. center of gravity of the vessel corrected for free surface effects
A. center of buoyancy
Which statement is TRUE of a tender vessel?
A. It has a large GM
B. Its period of roll is long
C. It has a very low center of gravity.
D. It has a good transverse stability
B. Its period of roll is long
Which statement is TRUE of a stiff vessel?
A) She will have a large metacentric height.
B) Her period of roll will be large due to her large metacentric height.
C) She will have an unusually high center of gravity.
D) She will pitch heavily.
A) She will have a large metacentric height.
A slow and easy motion of a vessel in a seaway is an indication of a __________.
A) small GM
B) low center of gravity
C) stiff vessel
D) large GZ
A) small GM
Stability is determined by the relationship of the center of gravity and the __________.
A) water depth
B) keel
C) center of flotation
D) center of buoyancy
D) center of buoyancy
Reserve buoyancy is __________.
A. the void portion of the ship below the waterline which is enclosed and watertight
B. also called GM
C. affected by the number of transverse watertight bulkheads
D. the watertight portion of a vessel above the waterline
D. the watertight portion of a vessel above the waterline
The geometric center of the underwater volume is known as the __________.
A) center of flotation
B) tipping center
C) center of gravity
D) center of buoyancy
D) center of buoyancy
In small-angle stability, when external forces exist, the buoyant force is assumed to act vertically upwards through the center of buoyancy and through the __________.
A) center of gravity
B) center of flotation
C) metacenter
D) metacentric height
C) metacenter
A vessel behaves as if all of its weight is acting downward through the center of gravity, and all its support is acting upward through the __________.
A) keel
B) center of buoyancy
C) tipping center
D) amidships section
B) center of buoyancy
Addition of weight above the center of gravity of a vessel will ALWAYS __________.
A) reduce initial stability
B) increase righting moments
C) increase GM
D) All of the above
A) reduce initial stability
Stability is determined principally by the location of two points in a vessel) the center of buoyancy and the ________.
A) metacenter
B) geometric center of the water plane area
C) center of gravity
D) center of flotation
C) center of gravity
The abbreviation GM is used to represent the __________.
A) height of the metacenter
B) righting arm
C) righting moment
D) metacentric height
D) metacentric height
Which advantage does dry chemical have over carbon dioxide (CO2) in firefighting?
A) Compatible with all foam agents
B) Cleaner
C) More protective against re-flash
D) All of the above
C) More protective against re-flash
Carbon dioxide as a firefighting agent has which advantage over other agents?
A) It causes minimal damage.
B) It is most effective on a per unit basis.
C) It is safer for personnel.
D) It is cheaper.
A) It causes minimal damage.
Each crewmember has an assigned firefighting station. This assignment is shown on the __________.
A) muster list
B) fire fighting plan
C) Certificate of Inspection
D) shipping articles
A) muster list
Any firefighting equipment that is carried in addition to the minimum required must __________.
A) meet the applicable standards
B) be marked as additional equipment
C) be stowed in a separate area
D) All of the above
A) meet the applicable standards
If heavy smoke is coming from the paint locker, the FIRST firefighting response should be to __________.
A) release the CO2 flooding system
B) open the door to evaluate the extent of the fire
C) enter and use a portable extinguisher
D) secure the ventilation
D) secure the ventilation
The main advantage of a steady stream of water on a class “A” fire is that it __________.
A) breaks up and cools the fire
B) protects the firefighting crew
C) removes the oxygen
D) washes the fire away
A) breaks up and cools the fire
Under normal firefighting conditions, approximately how far could a straight stream of water reach when the hose pressure is 100 PSI?
A) 50 feet
B) 100 feet
C) 150 feet
D) 200 feet
B) 100 feet
The success of an indirect attack on a fire depends on the __________.
A) size of the fire when initially observed
B) complete containment of the fire
C) cooling ability of the firefighting agent
D) class of the fire
B) complete containment of the fire
There are two disadvantages to CO2 as a firefighting agent. One of these is the limited quantity available, and the other is __________.
A) there is no effect on a class A fire even in an enclosed space
B) the lack of cooling effect on heated materials
C) that it cannot be used in a dead ship situation with no electrical power to the CO2 pump
D) that it breaks down under extreme heat to form poisonous gases
B) the lack of cooling effect on heated materials
While you are working in a space, the fixed CO2 system is accidentally activated. You should __________.
A) secure the applicators to preserve the charge in the cylinders
B) continue with your work as there is nothing you can do to stop the flow of CO2
C) retreat to fresh air and ventilate the compartment before returning
D) make sure all doors and vents are secured
C) retreat to fresh air and ventilate the compartment before returning
Lifesaving regulations in Subchapter W require that a fire drill include __________.
A) starting the fire pumps
B) checking arrangements for abandon ship
C) checking the operation of watertight doors
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Firefighting foam is only effective when the foam __________.
A) penetrates to the bottom of the fire
B) is kept saturated with low-velocity water fog
C) completely covers the top of the burning liquid
D) mixes with the burning fuel oil
C) completely covers the top of the burning liquid
Fixed CO2 systems would not be used on crew’s quarters or __________.
A) the engine room
B) spaces open to the atmosphere
C) cargo holds
D) the paint locker
B) spaces open to the atmosphere
Which extinguishing agent will cool down a heated bulkhead in the least amount of time?
A) Water fog or spray
B) Steam
C) Water stream
D) Dry chemical
A) Water fog or spray
Actuating the CO2 fixed system causes the shutdown of the __________.
A) supply and exhaust ventilation
B) exhaust ventilation
C) fuel supply
D) mechanical and natural ventilation
A) supply and exhaust ventilation
A galley grease fire on the stove may be extinguished using __________.
A) fire dampers
B) foam
C) the range hood extinguishing system
D) water
C) the range hood extinguishing system
Fire in an engine compartment is best extinguished with carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and by __________.
A) completely closing the compartment
B) closing the compartment except for the ventilators
C) increasing the air flow to the compartment by blowers
D) leaving the compartment open to the air
A) completely closing the compartment
Fires are grouped into what categories?
A) Combustible solids, liquids, and gases
B) Type 1, 2, 3, and 4
C) Flammable solids, liquids, and gases
D) Class A, B, C, D, and K
D) Class A, B, C, D, and K
Spontaneous combustion is most likely to occur in __________.
A) dirty swabs and cleaning gear
B) partially loaded fuel tanks
C) overloaded electrical circuits
D) rags soaked in linseed oil
D) rags soaked in linseed oil
Spontaneous combustion is caused by __________.
A) an outside heat source heating a substance until it ignites
B) conduction of heat through a wall of material to the substance
C) chemical action within a substance
D) All of the above
C) chemical action within a substance
The class of fire on which a blanketing effect is essential is class __________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
B) B
Fires of which class would most likely occur in the engine room of a vessel?
A) Classes A and B
B) Classes A and D
C) Classes C and D
D) Classes B and C
D) Classes B and C
A fire in a transformer terminal would be classified as class __________.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
C. C
What is the primary hazard, other than fire damage, associated with a class C fire?
A) Electrocution or shock
B) Explosion
C) Possibility of reflash
D) Flashover
A) Electrocution or shock
Fires in combustible metals, such as sodium or magnesium, are classified as class __________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
D) D
Why should foam be banked off a bulkhead when extinguishing an oil fire? (USCG License Exam Question)
A. To coat the surrounding bulkheads with foam in case the fire spreads
B. To cool the bulkhead closest to the fire
C. To prevent any oil on the bulkheads from igniting
D. To prevent agitation of the oil and spreading the fire
D. To prevent agitation of the oil and spreading the fire
Which statement is TRUE concerning the application of foam on an oil fire? (USCG License Exam Question)
A. It cools the surface of the liquid.
B. It gives protection to fire fighting personnel against the heat of the fire.
C. It forms a smothering blanket on the surface of the oil.
D. It should be used at the same time a solid stream of water is being applied.
C. It forms a smothering blanket on the surface of the oil.
Which statement concerning the application of dry chemical powder is FALSE? (USCG License Exam Question)
A. At temperatures of less than 32° F, the extinguisher must be recharged more often.
B. When possible, the fire should be attacked from windward.
C. The stream should be directed at the base of the fire.
D. Directing the stream into burning flammable liquid may cause splashing.
A. At temperatures of less than 32° F, the extinguisher must be recharged more often.
4 - Fixed CO2 systems would not be used on crew’s quarters or __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. the paint locker
B. spaces open to the atmosphere
C. cargo holds
D. the engine room
B. spaces open to the atmosphere
There are two disadvantages to CO2 as a firefighting agent. One of these is the limited quantity available, and the other is __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. the lack of cooling effect on heated materials
B. that it cannot be used in a dead ship situation with no electrical power to the CO2 pump
C. that it breaks down under extreme heat to form poisonous gases
D. there is no effect on a class A fire even in an enclosed space
A. the lack of cooling effect on heated materials
Your vessel is equipped with a fixed CO2 system and a fire main system. In the event of an electrical fire in the engine room what is the correct procedure for fighting the fire? (USCG License Exam Question)
A. Use the CO2 system and evacuate the engine room.
B. Use the fire main system and evacuate the engine room.
C. Evacuate the engine room and use the CO2 system.
D. Evacuate the engine room and use the fire main system.
C. Evacuate the engine room and use the CO2 system.
After extinguishing a paint locker fire using the fixed CO2 system, the next action is to have the space __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. opened and burned material removed
B. left closed with vents off until all boundaries are cool
C. checked for oxygen content
D. doused with water to prevent reflash
B. left closed with vents off until all boundaries are cool
In the event of fire in a machinery space, __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. the fixed carbon dioxide system should be used only when all other means of extinguishment have failed
B. the fixed carbon dioxide system should be used immediately, as it is the most efficient means of extinguishment
C. water in any form should not be used as it will spread the fire
D. the space should be opened 5 minutes after flooding CO2 to prevent injury to personnel
A. the fixed carbon dioxide system should be used only when all other means of extinguishment have failed
A deck-stowed 40-foot container is giving off smoke, and one end is discolored from heat. The cargo is valuable and easily damaged by water. You want to extinguish the fire without further damage if possible. What action should you take? (USCG License Exam Question)
A. Connect a portable line from the ship’s fixed system and discharge CO2 into the container.
B. Flood the container with water and disregard any cargo damage as the fire threatens the entire vessel.
C. Pierce the container and discharge 6 or more portable CO2’s then add more CO2 hourly.
D. Cool the exterior of the container with water and close all vents; then keep it cooled until it can be off-loaded.
C. Pierce the container and discharge 6 or more portable CO2’s then add more CO2 hourly.
Before using a fixed CO2 system to fight an engine room fire, you must __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. secure the engine room ventilation
B. secure the machinery in the engine room
C. evacuate all engine room personnel
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which statement(s) is(are) TRUE concerning the use of dry chemical extinguishers? (USCG License Exam Question)
A. You should direct the spray at the base of the fire.
B. You should direct the spray directly into the fire.
C. You should direct the spray at a vertical bulkhead and allow it to flow over the fire.
D. All of the above
A. You should direct the spray at the base of the fire.
The BEST method of applying foam to a fire is to __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. spray directly on the base of the fire
B. flow the foam down a nearby vertical surface
C. sweep the fire with the foam
D. spray directly on the surface of the fire
B. flow the foam down a nearby vertical surface
After extinguishing a fire with CO2, it is advisable to __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. use all CO2 available to cool the surrounding area
B. stand by with water or other agents
C. thoroughly ventilate the space of CO2
D. jettison all burning materials
B. stand by with water or other agents
When fighting a fire in a space containing an IMO class 1 hazardous cargo, the most effective fire fighting procedure is to __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. shut down the ventilation and exclude all air to smother the fire
B. use water from fire hoses or a sprinkler system
C. activate the fixed CO2 firefighting system
D. use high-expansion foam
B. use water from fire hoses or a sprinkler system
You are fighting a class “B” fire with a portable dry chemical extinguisher. The discharge should be directed __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. at the seat of the fire, starting at the near edge
B. to bank off a bulkhead onto the fire
C. over the top of the fire
D. at the main body of the fire
C. over the top of the fire
When fighting a fire on a bulkhead using a portable carbon dioxide extinguisher, the stream should be directed at the __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. base of the flames, moving the horn from side to side, following the flames upward as they diminish
B. top of the flaming area, moving the horn from side to side, following the flames downward as they diminish
C. center of the flaming area, moving the horn vertically from top to bottom
D. bottom of the flaming area, moving the horn vertically to the top following the flames upward as they diminish
A. base of the flames, moving the horn from side to side, following the flames upward as they diminish
When electrical equipment is involved in a fire, the stream of dry chemicals should be __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. aimed at the source of the flames
B. fogged above the equipment
C. shot off a flat surface onto the flames
D. used to shield against electrical shock
A. aimed at the source of the flames
You are on watch at sea, at night, when the ordinary seaman reports a fire in number five upper ‘tween deck. Which of the following should NOT be done immediately? (USCG License Exam Question)
A. Sound the general alarm
B. Secure mechanical cargo hold ventilation
C. Call for water on deck
D. Release carbon dioxide into the affected compartment
D. Release carbon dioxide into the affected compartment
While you are working in a space, the fixed CO2 system is accidentally activated. You should __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. secure the applicators to preserve the charge in the cylinders
B. continue with your work as there is nothing you can do to stop the flow of CO2
C. retreat to fresh air and ventilate the compartment before returning
D. make sure all doors and vents are secured
C. retreat to fresh air and ventilate the compartment before returning
Firefighting foam is only effective when the foam __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. penetrates to the bottom of the fire
B. is kept saturated with low-velocity water fog
C. mixes with the burning fuel oil
D. completely covers the top of the burning liquid
D. completely covers the top of the burning liquid
You are fighting a class “B” fire with a portable dry chemical extinguisher. The discharge should be directed __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A. to bank off a bulkhead onto the fire
B. at the seat of the fire, starting at the near edge
C. over the top of the fire
D. at the main body of the fire
B. at the seat of the fire, starting at the near edge
Which statement is TRUE concerning the application of foam on an oil fire? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) It cools the surface of the liquid
B) It gives protection to fire fighting personnel against the heat of the fire.
C) It forms a smothering blanket on the surface of the oil.
D) It should be used at the same time a solid stream of water is being applied.
C) It forms a smothering blanket on the surface of the oil.
Spontaneous combustion is most likely to occur in __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) rags soaked in linseed oil
B) overloaded electrical circuits
C) dirty swabs and cleaning gear
D) partially loaded fuel tanks
A) rags soaked in linseed oil
An oil fire is classified as class __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
B) B
The most likely location for a liquid cargo fire to occur on a tanker would be __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) in the midships house
B) at the main deck manifold
C) at the vent header
D) in the pumproom
D) in the pumproom
The spread of fire is prevented by __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) cooling surfaces adjacent to the fire
B) removing combustibles from the endangered area
C) shutting off the oxygen supply
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Foam is effective in combating which class(es) of fire? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) Class A
B) Class B
C) Classes A and B
D) ClassesB and C
B) Class B
Spontaneous ignition can result from __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) an unprotected drop-light bulb
B) careless disposal or storage of material
C) smoking in bed
D) worn electrical wires on power tools
B) careless disposal or storage of material
What is LEAST likely to cause ignition of fuel vapors? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) Static electricity
B) An open running electric motor
C) Loose wiring
D) Explosion proof lights
D) Explosion proof lights
As an extinguishing agent, foam __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) conducts electricity
B) should be directed at the base of the fire
C) is most effective on burning gases which are flowing
D) extinguishes by cooling oil fires below ignition temperature
A) conducts electricity
The danger associated with using carbon dioxide in an enclosed space is __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) frostbite
B) skin burns
C) asphyxiation
D) an explosive reaction
C) asphyxiation
A foam-type portable fire extinguisher would be most useful in combating a fire in __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) solid materials such as wood or bales of fiber
B) flammable liquids
C) a piece of electrical equipment
D) combustible metallic solids
B) flammable liquids
33) Which extinguishing agent is most effective on a mattress fire? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) CO2
B) Foam
C) Dry Chemical
D) Water
D) Water
What would be the most effective agent to use to extinguish a fire in drums of flammable liquids stowed on the weather deck of a vessel? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Foam
C) Steam
D) Water fog
B) Foam
Dry chemical fire extinguishers are effective on which type(s) of fire? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) Burning oil
B) Electrical
C) Paint
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
When water is used to fight a fire on board a ship, the effect of the weight of the water must be taken into account. How much sea water will increase the weight displacement by one ton? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) 64 cubic feet
B) 35 cubic feet
C) 100 gallons
D) 500 liters
B) 35 cubic feet
You are on watch at night in port and discover a fire in #1 hatch. Which action should you take FIRST? (USCG License Exam Question)
A) Advise the Chief Mate and Master.
B) Release carbon dioxide into the hatch.
C) Sound the general alarm.
D) Lead a fire hose to the hatch.
C) Sound the general alarm.
You will extinguish a fire when you remove __________.(USCG License Exam Question)
A) nitrogen
B) oxygen
C) sodium
D) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
As a watchstander on the General Rudder, it is your responsibility to know where electric breakers and ventilation is located to be able to secure the scene for fires.
A. True
B. False
A. True
What (3) elements compose the Fire Triangle?
- Fuel
- Oxygen
- Heat
What is the fourth element added to the Fire Triangle in order to make the Fire Tetrahedron?
An exothermic chemical reaction
What are (4) advantages of water as a fire fighting medium?
- Most versatile
- Easiest to acquire and use
- Readily available
- Cheap (free)
What is the primary method by which water extinguishes fire?
Removal of heat
What are (4) disadvantages of water as a fire fighting medium?
- Can cause stability issues
- Can damage ship components and cargo
- Conducts electricity - dangerous for Class C fires
- Can be less effective against Class B fires
What is advantage of foam as a fire fighting agent? (2)
- Very effective against Class B fires
2. Can blanket a large surface area
What is the disadvantage of foam as a FF agent?
Must completely cover a surface, any break in the surface coverage can lead to re-flash
What is the advantage of CO2 as a FF agent? (3)
- Unlikely to damage ship systems or cargo
- Can be distributed throughout the ship in pipes
- Very effective against Class C fires
What is the main disadvantage of CO2 for FF?
High suffocation risk to personnel in enclosed spaces
What are (3) of the most important issues with CO2 for FF on ship?
- High risk to personnel
- Large quantities of gas required
- Multiple deployments of gas is not possible
Why is HALON no longer authorized for new build ships as a FF agent?
Concern over environmental damage due to CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
What are advantages to NOVEC FF systems? (5)
- Less harmful to personnel than CO2
- No special storage rooms required
- Not stored under pressure
- Easy to handle
- Doesn’t require as much volume
What are 2 disadvantages to NOVEC?
- High cost
2. Toxic gas can form in engine room fires
List the types of fire sensors found aboard a ship? (3)
- Smoke Detectors
- Heat Detectors
- Flame Detectors
The best way to deal with fires on board ships is to __________ them.
Prevent
One of the fundamental principles to preventing fires aboard ship is by good __________.
Housekeeping
Good housekeeping can be defined by keeping spaces clean and ________ free and ensuring good __________ and upkeep on equipment.
- Trash
2. Maintenance
Defn: A type of combustion that occurs by self-heating due to an exothermic reaction that leads to thermal runaway.
Spontaneous combustion
The eductor used to distribute fire fighting foam operates on the _________ Principle.
Venturi
How does bulkhead design and construction play a part in fire fighting on a ship? (2)
- Limits the spread of flame, smoke, and heat
2. Creates “Fire Zones”
The document that details clear instructions for each individual on a vessel regarding the actions that they should take in the event of an emergency is the ________.
Muster List / Station Bill
A general arrangement drawing of a ship detailing all safety appliances and used to assist shore-based fire fighters in combating fire on a ship is called the ______________.
Fire Control Plan
Defn: A body completely or partially submerged in a liquid, at rest, is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
Archimedes’ Principle
Defn: The point at which the sum of the vertically acting downward forces of gravity can be considered to act.
Center of Gravity (CG) / (B)
Defn: The point considered to be located at the center of the displaced water or the center of the immersed portion of the hull.
Center of Buoyancy (CB) / (B)
Defn: The point where the upward force vector from the Center of Buoyancy intersects the transverse centerline of a vessel.
Metacenter
Defn: The distance between the CG and the Metacenter; the indicator of the initial stability of a vessel
Metacentric Height
Defn: The ability of a ship to initially resist forces acting upon it to move it out of its stable upright position.
Initial stability
Defn: The enclosed, watertight volume of a vessel situated above the waterline.
Reserve buoyancy
For a ship to be considered “stiff” it must have a _______ (high or low) GM value and it possesses a _______ (short or long) rolling period
- High
- Short
A ship that has a low GM value is said to be “_______”.
Tender
Vessels with long rolling periods possess ______ (high or low) metacentric heights.
Low
