Exam 4

Question 1

Behavioral Contracting

Answer 1

Scheduling the exchange of positive reinforcement between two or more persons. Specifies who is to do what, for whom, and under what circumstances

Question 2

5 Reasons why written contracts are better than oral agreements (Reason 1)

Answer 2

Written contracts require that the target behavior be defined specifically and make clear the expectations of each party

Question 3

5 Reasons why written contracts are better than oral agreements (Reason 2)

Answer 3

Contracts require that we frequently and accurately observe the behavior through consistent monitoring

Question 4

5 Reasons why written contracts are better than oral agreements (Reason 3)

Answer 4

Contracts require that we give consistent consequences to be applied. More consequences=more likely behavior will change

Question 5

5 Reasons why written contracts are better than oral agreements (Reason 4)

Answer 5

Contracts have social consequences and are more public.

Question 6

5 Reasons why written contracts are better than oral agreements (Reason 5)

Answer 6

Contracts require the formality of signing the contract

Question 7

What do contracts do?

Answer 7

Contracts should do no harm by being vague: be specific. Contracts should bring more positive reinforcement into the parties lives.

Question 8

What are the 4 assumptions upon which contracts are based? (Assumption 1)

Answer 8

Positive reinforcement is a privilege, not a right

Question 9

What are the 4 assumptions upon which contracts are based? (Assumption 2)

Answer 9

Relationships are governed by the concept of reciprocity (give and take)

Question 10

What are the 4 assumptions upon which contracts are based? (Assumption 3)

Answer 10

The value of the relationship is a direct function of the amount of reinforcement the parties receive

Question 11

What are the 4 assumptions upon which contracts are based? (Assumption 4)

Answer 11

Rules create freedom

Question 12

What is Jan’s definition of freedom?

Answer 12

The opportunity to make a behavioral choice with the knowledge of the probable outcomes of that choice

Question 13

What are the 5 common components of a contract?

Answer 13

Responsibilities, privileges, bonuses, sanctions, and feedback/monitoring

Question 14

What are the two most important parts of a relationship?

Answer 14

Communication and negotiation

Question 15

What is the Marital (Relationship) Happiness Scale?

Answer 15

A form of measuring two peoples happiness by independently filling out a likert scale on how they feel about certain areas of the relationship

Question 16

What is catharsis counseling?

Answer 16

“talk therapy” - doesn’t show much success

Question 17

What are the 5 procedures of Reciprocity counseling? (Procedure 1 and definition/Reason)

Answer 17

Reciprocity Awareness: acknowledging the good things that already exist in the relationship. Reason: to ensure the parties know there is positive things going on in the relationship (may increase desire to maintain relationship)

Question 18

What are the 5 procedures of Reciprocity counseling? (Procedure 2 and definition/Reason)

Answer 18

“Perfect Relationship” Procedure: Telling the other person what you want out of the relationship/goals. Reason: to specify the expectations of each party and increase the probability that those goals will be met

Question 19

What are the 5 procedures of Reciprocity counseling? (Procedure 3 and definition/Reason)

Answer 19

Frequency Fulfillment Procedure: compromising on goals of each party. Reason: using interest based negotiation each party will compromise to figure out a mutual solution to two goals.

Question 20

What are the 5 procedures of Reciprocity counseling? (Procedure 4 and definition/Reason)

Answer 20

FeedBack Exchange Procedure: telling the other person how you feel about them in regards to the happiness scale and set goals. Reason: continuous feedback allows parties to know how the other is feeling and increase probability that those behaviors will change

Question 21

What are the 5 procedures of Reciprocity counseling? (Procedure 5 and definition/Reason)

Answer 21

Positive Statement Procedure: reinforcing the other person when they attempt/fulfill one of the goals. Reason: to ensure the parties attend to positive behavior. criticism will be much easier accepted if there is recognition for positive behavior

Question 22

Contract components (3) for reciprocity counseling

Answer 22

List each parties responsibilities
list positive consequences (privileges) for each party
Include Overall Sanction

Question 23

Client-Therapist Contracts; steps (4)

Answer 23

1. Give therapist something of value to be returned or lost contingent on meeting specified goals
2. Give examples of reinforcers (number of items)
3. Contract out contingencies
4. monitoring/recording

Question 24

Immediate contingency

Answer 24

measure 3 times a week
improvement=return of valuable
nothing= no loss or return of valuable
deterioration= permanent loss of a value
Purpose: to provide immediate feedback and consequences about the behavior

Question 25

Intermediate contingency

Answer 25

measured every 2 weeks establish a minimum rate line meets min rate line= return of a number of valuables doesn't meet= permanent loss of a number of values Purpose: to ensure behavior is occurring at a stable rate

Question 26

Terminal contingency

Answer 26

valuables set aside (different that others) client finishes program= return of values drops out/fails program= permanent loss of values Purpose: to make sure client remains in program

Question 27

What are the 4 types of eating disorders?

Answer 27

Obesity, binge eating, anorexia, bulemia

Question 28

Which disorder with behavioral therapy procedures is the most effective?

Answer 28

Obesity

Question 29

Self Control definition

Answer 29

behaviors that a person deliberately undertakes to achieve self-selected outcomes. (active goal choosing)

Question 30

Problems of Behavioral Excess (3)

Answer 30

``` Immediate reinforcers vs. delayed punishers immediate reinforcers vs. cumulatively significant punishers immediate reinforcers (problem behavior) vs. delayed reinforcers (for alternative desirable behaviors) ```

Question 31

Problems of behavioral deficiencies (3)

Answer 31

immediate small punishers vs. cumulatively significant punishers immediate small punishers vs. highly improbable major punishers immediate small punishers vs. delayed major punisher

Question 32

Self-control program (6 components)

Answer 32

1. Specify problem 2. Specify Goals 3. make commitment to change 4. Take data 5. Design and implement program 6. Preventing relapse

Question 33

Step 5 in a self control program (design and implement program) steps (3)

Answer 33

Manage the situation (antecedents) manage the behavior manage the consequences

Question 34

What are MEOs and MAOs

Answer 34

Motivating establishing operations, temporarily increase effect of a reinforcer motivating abolishing operations, temporarily decrease the effects of a reinforcer

Question 35

Step 6 in self control program (prevent relapse) steps (3)

Answer 35

1. specify situaiton manipulations (antecedents) 2. Specify response definitions 3. Specify consequence manipulations

Question 36

What is short circuiting?

Answer 36

Giving yourself the reinforcer before completing the responsibility

Question 37

How do you prevent short circuiting?

Answer 37

Giving someone else the access to the reinforcer and they cannot allow you to have it until you finish the responsibility

Question 38

Steps for Self control contract

Answer 38

1. specify and define target behavior 2. specify data collection 3. schedule of reinforcement and who will deliver it 4. statement of privileges 5. statement of bonuses 6. statement of sanctions 7. how will data be monitored 8. signature

Question 39

5 Steps to aversion therapy contract

Answer 39

1. initial interview and treatment contract 2. aversion therapy procedure 3. self management training 4. Observation and reliability 5. Follow up

Question 40

Initial interview and treatment contract (4 steps)

Answer 40

1. Deposit money 2. Give wrist counter 3. Bring in valuables to be used in sessions 4. Have an independent observer record data and ensure reliability

Question 41

Aversion therapy procedure (4 steps) and purpose

Answer 41

1. Select aversive event- describe how to determine strength 2. use aversive event contingent on specific behaviors 3. minimum number of pairings 4. minimum number of sessions Purpose: to produce an immediate cessation or ending of the behavior in order to decrease the target behavior with this pairing of an aversive event

Question 42

3 forms of self-management training

Answer 42

1. emotional response routine 2. breaking the chain 3. substituting other responses to target behavior

Question 43

What is desensitization?

Answer 43

diminished emotional responsiveness to a negative or aversive stimulus after repeated exposure to it

Question 44

What is stimulus generalization?

Answer 44

other stimuli that have similar characteristics as the anxiety-producing stimulus that acquire the ability to produce fear and anxiety

Question 45

What are the steps to build anxiety-stimulus hierarchy?

Answer 45

1. describe the fear 2. list fear-producing scenes 3. rank the scenes according to SUDs 4. smooth out the hierarchy 5. stack the deck

Question 46

What are SUDs?

Answer 46

Subjective units of discomfort

Question 47

What are the 3 steps to muscle relaxation?

Answer 47

1. general loosening up 2. tense and relax different parts of the body 3. deep breathing

Question 48

How do you implement the desensitization process?

Answer 48

Make sure person is fully relaxed visualize the hierarchical scene vividly no anxiety= move on to next scene anxiety=put card down, relax, and try same card never go to a new scene until fully relaxed track progress

Question 49

What are the two steps to cognitive reconstruction?

Answer 49

..

Question 50

What is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 50

• make a response that inhibits anxiety (muscle relaxation) occur in the presence of the anxiety-provoking stimuli in order to weaken the bond between these stimuli and anxiety