exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

axon

A

noodle

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2
Q

dendrite

A

fingers

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3
Q

myelin sheath

A

encapsulate

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4
Q

schwann cell

A

cover fiber/axon

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5
Q

node of ranvier

A

gaps

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6
Q

soma

A

cell body

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7
Q

synaptic knob

A

ends of telodendria

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8
Q

endoneurium

A

cover each axon (after schwann)

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9
Q

perineurium

A

cover bundles of endoneurium

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10
Q

epineurium

A

cover entire nerve

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11
Q

cranial nerve 1

A

-olfactory
-smell
S: nose>brain

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12
Q

cranial nerve 2

A

-optic
-sight
S: eye>

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13
Q

cranial nerve 3

A

-oculomotor
-dilation of pupil
M: >eye

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14
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

-trochlear
-rotation of eyeballs
M: 1 eye muscle

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15
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

-trigeminal
*huge
-face sensation/chewing
B: pons (s)/ mastication (m)

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16
Q

cranial nerve 6

A

-abducens
-eye movement
M: 1 eye muscle

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17
Q

cranial nerve 7

A

-facial
-wrinkle forehead/close eyes
B: Pons (s)/ facial muscles and salivary glands (m)

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18
Q

cranial nerve 8

A

-acoustic
-hearing
S: medulla oblongata

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19
Q

cranial nerve 9

A

-glossopharyngeal
-swallow/taste
B: medulla (S)/ pharynx and saliv glands (m)

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20
Q

cranial nerve 10

A

-vagus nerve
*goes to thorax/abdomen
-voice/visceral nerve funky
B: medulla (s)/ digest, heart, and resp muscles (m)

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21
Q

cranial nerve 11

A

-spinal
-head rotatio/shoulder movement
M: sternocleido/traps

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22
Q

cranial nerve 12

A

hypoglossal

M:tongue

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23
Q

anterior median fissure

A

front split of spinal cord

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24
Q

posterior median sulcus

A

back split of spinal cord

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25
Q

anterior ventral horn

A

front horn

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26
Q

posterior ventral horn

A

back horn

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27
Q

anterior funiculli

A

front space in spinal cord

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28
Q

lateral horn

A

side dips

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29
Q

lateral funiculli

A

side space in spinal cord

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30
Q

posterior funiculli

A

back space in spinal cord

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31
Q

posterior root

A

back connection

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32
Q

anterior root

A

front connection

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33
Q

posterior root ganglion

A

bulb of post dorsal root

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34
Q

rami communicantes

A

“tendon”

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35
Q

posterior ramus

A

back road

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36
Q

anterior ramus

A

front road

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37
Q

cranial nerves mnemonic

A
On
Old
Olympus
Tiny
Tops
A
Finn
And
German
Viewed 
Some
Hops
--------------
Some
Say
Mary
Money
But
My 
Brother
Says 
Bad 
Businesses 
Marry
Money
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38
Q

dura mater (brain)

A

outermost covering of meninges (under bone)

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39
Q

arachnoid (brain)

A

middle layer of meninges

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40
Q

pia mater (brain)

A

deepest layer of meninges

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41
Q

3 layers of meninges

A
  • dura mater (superf)
  • arachnoid
  • pia mater (deep)
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42
Q

subarachnoid space (brain)

A

space above lobes

b/w pia and arach

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43
Q

flax cerebri

A

middle divider into gap of longitudinal fissure

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44
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

transverse sheath in gap b/w brain and cerebellum

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45
Q

diaphragm sellae

A

roof of pituitary gland

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46
Q

superior/inferior sagittal sinus

A

looking at longitudinal cut, top/middle rainbow

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47
Q

transverse sinus

A

looking at longitudinal cut, sinus at base of head

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48
Q

sigmoid sinus

A

sinus next to transverse, leading down

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49
Q

straight sinus

A

bottom shaft of inferior sagittal sinus

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50
Q

cavernous sinus

A

pretzel sinus in middle

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51
Q

choroid plexus

A

red wrinkle worm above thalamus

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52
Q

lateral ventricles

A

horns on alien

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53
Q

3rd ventricle

A

O on alien

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54
Q

4th ventricle

A

stem at the bottom of alien

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55
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

shaft of stem

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56
Q

frontal lobe

A

front

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57
Q

parietal lobe

A

middle lobe

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58
Q

occipital lobe

A

back lobe

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59
Q

temporal lobe

A

side of head

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60
Q

insula

A

under

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61
Q

precentral gyrus

A

separates fontal and parietal sagittally

-frontal lobe

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62
Q

primary motor cortex

A

middle noodle on frontal side

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63
Q

brocas area

A

deep middle toward temporal lobe

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64
Q

post central gyrus

A

separates fontal and parietal sagittally

-parietal side

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65
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

middle noodle on parietal side

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66
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

top of temporal lobe in middle

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67
Q

pimary olfactory cortex

A

middle of temporal “snail”

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68
Q

primary visual cortex

A

very back of head

-occipital lobe

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69
Q

primary gustatory cortex

A

on insula under base of middle noodle

-insula

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70
Q

gnostic area

A

area around fold b/w occipital, temporal, and parietal

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71
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

middle of gnostic area

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72
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

down the middle long ways

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73
Q

transverse fissure

A

slice above cerebellum

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74
Q

central sulcus

A

line in b/w noodles

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75
Q

lateral sulcus

A

line above temporal

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76
Q

corpus callosum

A

horns on alien

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77
Q

anterior and posterior commissures

A
  • tiny circle on base of corpus collosum (ant)

- tiny circle across ^ medially (post)

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78
Q

intermediate mass/interthalamic adhesion

A

tiny circle inside thalamus

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79
Q

caudate nucleus

A

horns of putamen

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80
Q

putamen

A

bulb with horns next to thalamus

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81
Q

amygdaloid body

A

circle at the end of caudate nucleus

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82
Q

pineal gland

A

next to posterior commissure

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83
Q

infundibulum

A

base of pituitary gland

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84
Q

pituitary gland

A

under hypothalamus

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85
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

“tendons” connected to thalamus

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86
Q

tectal plate

A

made up of sup/inf colliculi

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87
Q

sup/inf colliculi

A

2 bumbs next to cerebral peduncles

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88
Q

pons

A

large bulb above medulla oblongata

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89
Q

mammillary body

A

small bump connected to pituitary gland

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90
Q

olive

A

sides of medulla oblongata

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91
Q

pyramids

A

front “butt” of medulla

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92
Q

folia

A

“leaves” of cerebellum

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93
Q

gray matter

A

outside border of cerebellum

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94
Q

arbor vitae

A

“tree trunk” of cerebellum

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95
Q

vermis

A

butterfly stem or cerebellum

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96
Q

conus medullaris

A

cone @ thoracic and lumbar connection

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97
Q

cauda equina

A

chunk @ base of spine

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98
Q

film terminale

A

branching out @ saccrum

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99
Q

posterior median sulcus

A

spinal cord back invagination

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100
Q

anterior median sulcus

A

spinal cord front invagination

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101
Q

cervical enlargement

A

bump @ topp

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102
Q

lumbosacral enlargement

A

enlargement @ butt

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103
Q

dura mater (spine)

A

wraps around spinal cord after arachnoid mater

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104
Q

arachnoid mater (spine)

A

wraps around spinal cord after pia mater

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105
Q

pia mater (spine)

A

directly wraps around spinal cord

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106
Q

subarachnoid mater (spine)

A

space b/w pia and arachnoid

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107
Q

epidural space

A

in b/w dura mater and vertebrae (contains fat)

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108
Q

denticulate ligaments

A

ligaments in sub arachnoid space anchoring spinal cord to arachnoid mater

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109
Q

anterior horn

A

front horn

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110
Q

posterior horn

A

back horn

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111
Q

gray commisure (spine)

A

inside

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112
Q

white commissure (spine)

A

outside

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113
Q

central canal

A

hole in the middle

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114
Q

anterior funiculi

A

front space of white matter

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115
Q

posterior funiculi

A

back space of white matter

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116
Q

lateral funiculi

A

side space of white matter

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117
Q

posterior root

A

back root connected to spinal cord

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118
Q

anterior root

A

front root connected to spinal cord

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119
Q

rami communicantes

A

bridge to lateral to spine (alt highway)

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120
Q

posterior root ganglia

A

bulb on posterior root

121
Q

phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5

cervical

122
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5-7 down biceps

123
Q

median nerve

A

down shoulder to fingers

124
Q

ulnar nerve

A

down shoulder to pinkies

125
Q

radial nerve

A

down shoulder to thumb

126
Q

femoral nerve

A

from spine to medial side of tibia

127
Q

sciatic nerve

A

sacrum down hams

128
Q

tibial/ common nerve

A

branch off sciatic

  • tibial: all the way to heel
  • common: down half way to calf
129
Q

deep fibular nerve

A

in b/w fibula and tibia (DEEP)

130
Q

superficial fibular nerve

A

on side of fibula

131
Q

sympathetic trunk

A

alt highway

132
Q

sympathetic ganglia

A

bulb on sympathetic trunk

133
Q

lacrimal gland

A

superior/lateral “little brain”

134
Q

vitreous chamber

A

jelly blob

135
Q

cornea

A

clear lens

136
Q

sclera

A

white part around eyeball

137
Q

choroid

A

b/w retina and sclera

138
Q

ciliary body

A

burple flower bumps

139
Q

suspensory ligaments

A
  • connected to ciliary body

- not visible

140
Q

pupil

A

middle of iris

141
Q

iris

A

colored part

142
Q

retina

A

orange part w/ blood vessels on it

143
Q

ora serrata

A

flower border

144
Q

rods

A

I

145
Q

cones

A

cone shaped

146
Q

bipolar cells

A

—O—

147
Q

ganglion cells

A

after bipolar

148
Q

optic disk

A

opening in back of eye

149
Q

fovea

A

dip in the back of the eye

150
Q

lens

A

2nd largest bubble

151
Q

anterior chamber

A

b/w cornea and lens

152
Q

posterior chamber

A

surrounding jelly

153
Q

lateral rectus

A

lateral muscle

154
Q

medial rectus

A

medial muscle

155
Q

superior rectus

A

top muscle

156
Q

inferior rectus

A

bottom muscle

157
Q

superior oblique

A

on the hook

158
Q

inferior oblique

A

wraps on the side and under the eyeball

159
Q

auricle

A

outside of ear

160
Q

external auditory meatus

A

canal to ear drum

161
Q

tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

162
Q

malleus

A

connected to ear drum

163
Q

incus

A

stick connected to malleus

164
Q

stapes

A

next to incus, connects to snail oval window

165
Q

auditory tube

A

leads down to pharynx

166
Q

vestibule

A

shaft of snail

saccule/utricle

167
Q

saccule

A

sacs in pretzel

168
Q

utricle

A

meaty part of pretzel

169
Q

semicircular canals

A

pretzel

170
Q

ampulla

A

bulbs @ end of pretzels

171
Q

cochlea

A

snail

scala vestibuli, cochlear duct, scala tympani

172
Q

scala vestibuli

A

big sac sup in snail

173
Q

cochlear duct

A

middle sac in snail

174
Q

scala tympani

A

inf sac in snail

175
Q

oval window

A

oval

176
Q

round window

A

circle

177
Q

basophils

A

dark, least visible cytoplasm, granules

178
Q

neutrophils

A
  • light color
  • baby lobed nucleus
  • still see cytoplasm
179
Q

platelets

A
  • fragments

- blue booger model

180
Q

eosinophils

A
  • red granules
  • bilobed
  • cant see cyto
181
Q

monocytes

A
  • biggest

- lima bean nucleus

182
Q

lymphocytes

A

halo

183
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

fuzzy outside of balloon

184
Q

epicardium

A

inside of balloon

185
Q

myocardium

A

striated

186
Q

endocardium

A

in each chamber

187
Q

auricle

A

doggy ears

188
Q

coronary sulcus

A

divide under R atrium/auricle

189
Q

anterior/posterior interventricular sulcus

A

down the middle

190
Q

base

A

around top arteries

191
Q

apex

A

tip of heart

192
Q

pectinate muscles

A

ridges along atria borders

193
Q

trabeculae carnae

A

meat in ventricles

194
Q

chordeae tendineae

A

strings

195
Q

papillary muscles

A

fingers in ventricles

196
Q

ascending aorta

A

going up

197
Q

aortic arch

A

top of aorta

198
Q

pulmonary veins

A

from lungs

199
Q

pulmonary artery

A

to lungs

200
Q

ligamentum arteriosum

A

connect pulmonary trunk and aorta

201
Q

posterior interventricular artery

A

down the middle in the back

202
Q

R marginal artery

A

lowest vein in front under R atrium

203
Q

circumflex artery

A

most L top on front and goes around

204
Q

anterior interventricular artery

A

down the middle, front

205
Q

middle cardiac vein

A

L in back under interventricular artery

206
Q

small cardiac vein

A

front very bottom tip of flap

207
Q

coronary sinus

A

back around top

208
Q

great cardiac vein

A

down along middle in front

209
Q

tunica externa

A

outer layer of vessel

210
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer

211
Q

tunica interna

A

inner layer

212
Q

ascending aorta

A
213
Q

aortic arch

A

top

214
Q

descending thoracic aorta

A

down chest

215
Q

descending abdominal aorta

A

down abdomen

216
Q

vertebral artery

A

pons bottom 1/2

217
Q

basilar artery

A

top 1/2 on pons

218
Q

middle cerebral artery

A

starts in brain butt crack

huge top on spider/bug

219
Q

anterior communicating artery

A

top of head of spider/bug

220
Q

anterior cerebral artery

A

horns of spider/bug head

221
Q

internal carotid artery

A

behind jaw

222
Q

posterior communicating artery

A

cheeks of head of spider/bug

223
Q

posterior cerebral artery

A

rainbow in back of head

224
Q

axillary artery

A

armpit

225
Q

brachial artery

A

bicep

226
Q

ulnar artery

A

pinky

227
Q

radial artery

A

thumb

228
Q

palmar arch artery

A

palm

229
Q

digital artery

A

fingers

230
Q

brachiocephallic trunk artery

A

1st artery from aorta leading to arm

231
Q

common carotid artery

A

up neck

232
Q

external and internal carotid artery

A

external: front/thinner

233
Q

subclavian artery

A

clavicle

234
Q

internal thoracic artery

A

around mediastinum

235
Q

intercostals artery

A

in b/w ribs

236
Q

esophageal artery

A

on esophagus

237
Q

celiac trunk artery

A
  • splenic (spleen L)
  • hepatic (liver R)
  • L gastric (middle ^^)
238
Q

suprarenal artery

A

top of adrenal glands

239
Q

renal artery

A

to kidneys

240
Q

superior and inferior mesenteric artery

A

alien baby branches

241
Q

gonadal artery

A

small ones

242
Q

common iliac artery

A

branches off aorta

243
Q

internal and external iliac artery

A

internal: small
external: turns into femoral

244
Q

superior and inferior epigastric artery

A

at mediastinum and bottom of 8 packs

245
Q

femoral artery

A

thigh

246
Q

deep femoral artery

A

short/branches around femur

247
Q

popliteal artery

A

knee

248
Q

anterior and posterior tibial artery

A

ant: front/lat
post: post/med

249
Q

palmar arch vein

A

hand

250
Q

ulnar vein

A

pinky

251
Q

radial vein

A

thumb

252
Q

brachial vein

A

arm

253
Q

axillary vein

A

armpit

254
Q

cephalic vein

A

after subclavian (deltoid)

255
Q

basilic vein

A

arm flap

256
Q

median cubital vein

A

front of elbow

257
Q

intercostal vein

A

ribs

258
Q

hemiazygos vein

A

on vertebrae

259
Q

internal and external jugular vein

A

ext: more lateral

260
Q

subclavian vein

A

clavicle

261
Q

brachiocephallic vein

A

branch out of sup vena cava

262
Q

external and internal iliac vein

A

int: short branch
ext: leads to thigh

263
Q

common iliac vein

A

branches off from trunk

264
Q

gonadal vein

A

small

265
Q

renal vein

A

kidney

266
Q

suprarenal vein

A

adrenal glands

267
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

liver

268
Q

superior and inferior epigastric vein

A

mediatinum and bottom of 8 pack

269
Q

superior and inferior mesenteric vein

A

baby alien

270
Q

femoral vein

A

thigh

271
Q

deep femoral vein

A

wraps around femur

272
Q

popliteal vein

A

knee

273
Q

posterior tibial vein

A

back/medial

274
Q

fibular vein

A

most lateral

275
Q

anterior tibial vein

A

front lateral

276
Q

plantar vein

A

foot

277
Q

digital vein

A

toes

278
Q

great saphenous vein

A

all along inner leg

279
Q

little saphenous vein

A

straight down calf

280
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A

intertwined

281
Q

afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels

A

afferent: into lymph
efferent: out of lymph

282
Q

L thoracic lymphatic duct

A

in b/w subclavian and jugular branch

283
Q

pharyngeal tonsils

A

under nose

284
Q

palatine tonsils

A

throat

285
Q

lingual tonsils

A

under tongue

286
Q

peyer’s patches

A

on small intestine

287
Q

thymus

A

in b/w lungs

288
Q

spleen

A

behind stomach

289
Q

axillary lymph nodes

A

armpit

290
Q

inguinal lymph nodes

A

groin

291
Q

cervical lymph nodes

A

neck

292
Q

lymph node capsule

A

outside layer

293
Q

lymph node trabeculae

A

outer meat lining

294
Q

lymph node cortex

A

inner meat

295
Q

medulla

A

very center

296
Q

medullar cords

A

striated center

297
Q

medullary sinuses

A

inside cords

298
Q

cortical sinuses

A

orange slice lines