Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Mycobacterium Characteristics
A
Hydrophobic Cell wall
slow grower
Resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants
2
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
A
M. tuberculosis
3
Q
Runyon Groups
A
Groups1-4
4
Q
Group 1
A
Slow, photochromogenic: M. kansasii
5
Q
Group 2
A
slow, scotochromogenic: M. xenopii
6
Q
Group 3
A
slow, nonchromogenic: M. avium complex
7
Q
Group 4
A
rapid, nonchromogenic or scotochromogenic: M. fortuitum
8
Q
Diagnosis of Mycobacterium
A
Carbol Fuchsin
9
Q
Zeihl-Neelson
A
hot stain, melts the cell wall
10
Q
Kinuon’s
A
cold, safer
11
Q
Auromine-rhodamine fluorescent
A
best at diagnosing Mycobacterium; produces a yellow pigment
12
Q
Phenol acridine orange fluorescent
A
least specific for Mycobacterium because it stains anything with DNA
13
Q
M. tuberculosis Virulence
A
FIP, DTH
14
Q
M. tuberculosis clinical
A
tuberculosis accompanied with granulomas and lesions
15
Q
M. tuberculosis Diagnosis
A
X-ray, Mantoux, PPD, tine, two-step, Gamma interferon, MTD, NO3+, niacin+, heat stable catalase-
16
Q
M. tuberculosis Treatment
A
Combination therapy but resistant to isoniazid
17
Q
M. bovis habitat
A
cows
18
Q
M. bovis pathogenesis
A
Tuberculosis in cattle
19
Q
M. bovis Transmission
A
drinking milk and inhalation
20
Q
M. bovis Identification
A
Sensitive to T2H
Heat labile catalase
21
Q
M. ulcerans Pathogenesis
A
causes Buruli ulcer significant mostly on the hands
22
Q
M. kansasii Habitat
A
soil
23
Q
M. kansasii Pathogenesis
A
TB-like, photochromogenic
24
Q
M. ulcerans Indentification
A
Growth at 30C
25
M. ulcerans Habitat
Tropics, soil and water
26
M. marinum Habitat
Tropics, soil and water
27
M. marinum Pathogenesis
Swimming Pool Granuloma
28
M. marinum Identification
Grows at 30C, photochromogenic
29
M. avium complex Habitat
soil, water, and plants
30
M. avium Pathogenesis
```
Associated with AIDS patients
TB-like in adults
Cervical lymphadenitis
Crohn disease
disseminated infection
```
31
M. avium Identification
Nonchromogenic
| Resistant to T2H
32
m. haemophilium Pathogenesis
Skin lesions
33
M. haemophilium Identification
Heat labile catalase
ALA-
Growth at 30C
34
M. leprae Pathogenesis
Hansen disease
35
M. leprae Transmission
Nasal secretions
36
M. leprae Clinical Manifestations
Tuberculoid: mild skin lesions; strong CMI
Lephromatous: constant bacteremia; strong HMI - Clawed hands
37
M. leprae Identification
Direct acid fast stain
38
Actinomycetaceae Characteristics
most commonly mistaken for fungi
39
Actinomyces Characteristic
Anaerobic
40
Actinomyces Pathogenesis
Actinomycosis - A. israeli
| Granuloma abscess with sinus tract and sulfur granules
41
Actinomyces Clinical
```
Lacrimal canaliculitis
Cervifocal
Abdominal
Thoracic
Pelvic
```
42
Actinomyces Diagnosis
Colonies with serrated edges
43
Nocardia Characteristics
Aerobic
44
Actinomyces Habitat
mucous membrane and oral cavity
45
Nocardia Habitat
soil
46
Nocardia Pathogenesis
N. asterodes - weak, opportunistic
47
Nocardia Clinical
pulmonary nocardiosis
| Cutaneous infection - madura foot/ mycetoma
48
Nocardia Diagnosis
weak acid fast - distinguish from actinomyces
49
Mycoplasmataceae Characteristics
smallest self replicable
Lack cell wall
Contain sterols
Make fried egg colonies
50
Mycoplasmataceae Hx
pleupneumonia in cattle
51
M. hominis Habitat
genital tract
52
M. hominis Characteristics/ Diagnosis
Urease and Glucose-, Arginine +, larger colonies than M. pneumonaie
53
M. hominis Pathogenesis
Associaztedd with reproductive disease
NGU
Postpartum fever
54
M. pneumonie Diagnosis
Gluc+, Arg/Urea-
Hemolysis test with 5% sheep or guinea pig RBCs
Hemadsorption
55
M. pneumoniae Clinical
primary atypical pneumonia
| Tracheobronchitis
56
U. urealyticum Habitat
genital tract
57
U. urealyticum Diagnosis
Urea+. Arg/Gluc-
58
U. urealyticum Pathogenesis
Associated with NGU
Respiratory distress syndrome
Postpartum
Urinary caniculi
59
Legionallaceae Habitat
soil, fresh water, plumbing systems
60
L. pneumophilia Characteristics
doesn't Gram stain very well
fastidious
80% of human infections
61
L. pneumophilia Virulence
FIP
Toxin
LPS
Beta-lactamase
62
L. pneumophilia Pathogenesis
Legionellosis - in immunocomprised
63
Legionellosis Clinical
Pontiac - mild URT
| Legionnaire's - atypical pneumonia with involvement from other body parts
64
L. pneumophilia Diagnosis
Silver stain
No SBA growth
IFA
65
Other Legionallaceae
L. micdadei
L. longbeachae
L. dumoffi
Bozemanae
66
Spirochettes Characteristics
Motile, Free-living
67
Treponema Diseases
Syphillis, Endemic, Yaws, Pinta
68
Syhpillis Causative Agent
T. pallidum
69
Syphillis Stages
Primary - Chancre
Secondary - Rash: can take three paths
Tertiary - immunologically mediated: Senile, Aneurysm, Gummas
Congenital - causes Hutchinson's teeth
70
Syphillis Diagnosis
Dark field microscopy
Silver stain
Serology
71
Syphillis Treatment
Jarisch-Hexheimer reaction
72
Endemic causative
T. pallidum sucp. Endomicum
73
Endemic Pathogenesis
disease of the oral cavity
bone and skin lesions
nonvenereal
74
Yaws causative
T. pallidum subsp. Pertenae
75
Yaws Pathogenesis
lesions on hands and feet
| nonvenereal
76
Pinta causative
T. coratcum
77
Pinta Pathogenesis
altered skin pigment
| nonvenereal
78
Borrelia Characteristics
Largest pathogenic spirochette
79
Borrellia Diseases
Relapsing Fever
| Lyme Disease
80
Relapsing Fever causative
B. recurrentis
81
Relapsing Fever Pathogenesis
Louse borne - in overcrowding
| Tick borne
82
Lyme Disease Causative
B. burgdorferi
83
Lyme Disease Habitat
deer and ixodes ticks
84
Lyme Disease Stages
Primary - Erythema
Secondary - Arthalgia
Tertiary - Arthritis
85
Lyme Disease Dx
Serology
86
Leprospira Characteristics
Very thin with semi-hooked ends
87
Leprospira Pathogenesis
Open wounds or oral cavity
88
Leprospira Habitat
soil and freshwater; rodents peeing in the water
89
Leprospira Clinical
Two stage
| Ictohemorrhagic group
90
Leprspira Dx
Dark field microscopy with spinal fluid or urine
91
Chlamydiaceae Characteristics
OIP, requires ATP
| makes an elementary body and reticulate body
92
Chlamydia trachomatis Subtypes
Biovar 1: LGV
Biovar 2: trachoma, STD, inclusion
Biovar 3: mouse pneumonitis
93
Trachoma
major cause of blindness
found in tropical countries
infects children
94
Inclusion conjunctivitis
most common cause of acute conjunctivitis
95
STD
NGU
| PID
96
LGV
Sexually Transmitted but starts with ulcer and more invasive
| Buboes
97
Chlamydia pneumonia
Taiwan acute respiratory disease
atypical pneumonia
Artheroscerlosis
98
Chlamydia psittaci
psittacosis and ornithosis causing flu like symptoms with liver and spleen involvement
99
C. psittaci Habitat
birds
100
C. psittaci Transmission
aerosols
101
C. psittaci Dx
Giemsa, McCoy and HeLa cells, Iodine Staining
102
Ricekttsia Characteristics
OIP
| Cell wall resembles gram-
103
Rickettsia Habitat
arthropods, rodents, canines, ticks ....
104
Rickettsioses pathogenesis
infects endothelial cells
105
Rickettsioses Clinical
RMF - American dog tick borne, rash
106
Typhus group
Louse borne
Brill-Zinser
Murine
107
Louse borne typhus
found in squirrels
| caused by R. prowazekii
108
Brill-Zinser disease
reactivation of R. prowazekki
109
Murine typhus
found in rodents
| caused by R. typhi
110
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
comes from the lone star tick
111
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis
flu-like symptoms; HGA is more severe
112
Ehrlichia Dx
Increased liver enzymes
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Antigen and NA detection
113
Coxiella burnetti Pathogenesis
Q fever
114
C. burnetti Habitat
zoonosis seen in butchers and farmers
