Exam 4

Question 1

Outer Ear

Answer 1

Consists of the pinna (external ear), the ear canal, and the eardrum

Question 2

The middle ear

Answer 2

extends from the eardrum to the oval window

Question 3

The inner ear

Answer 3

includes semicircular canal and the cochlea

Question 4

cochlea

Answer 4

where mechanical sound waves are converted to electrical nerve impulses

Question 5

Two passageways in the cochlea

Answer 5

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Question 6

helicotrema

Answer 6

connects the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Question 7

Lindbolm and Studdert-Kennedy Exerpiment

Answer 7

Asked to identify whether they had [I] or u in put.
A series of high vowels were synthesized, varying just in the frequency of F2, ranging from a clear [I] with high F2 to a clear [U] with low F2.

Question 8

Lindbolm and Studdert-Kennedy Results

Answer 8

• When the vowels had a high F2, listeners identified it as [I] regardless of context
  -When the vowel had a low F2 listeners identified it as a horse shoe [u] regardless of context
  -when the vowel had intermediate values
  of F2, then listeners identified it as [I] more often in the low F2 environment (w__w)
  than in the neutral environment (#___#)
  -When the vowel had intermediate values of F2, listeners identified it less often as [I] in
  the high F2 context (j__j) than in the neutral
  context (#__#).
  -The F2 boundary between [I] and [U] was shifted toward lower values in the low F2 context, and toward higher values in the
  high F2 context.

Question 9

organization of the basilar membrane

Answer 9

tonotopically organized , different locations on the membrane correspond to different frequencies