Exam 4

Question 1

Alkali Metals

Answer 1

• Group 1A

- Increase in reactivity as you move down group

Question 2

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 2

• Group 2A

- Increase in reactivity as you move down group

Question 3

Halogens

Answer 3

• Group 7A

- Reactivity decreases down group

Question 4

Noble Gases

Answer 4

• Group 8A

- Very low reactivity

Question 5

3 Most Abundant Elements in Earth’s Crust

Answer 5

Al, O and Si

Question 6

Lipitor

Answer 6

Lowers cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

Question 7

Building Blocks of Living Organisms

Answer 7

C, O and N

Question 8

Effective Nuclear Charge

Answer 8

Increases across a period

-Valence electrons attracted by nucleus are also repelled by core electrons

Question 9

Atomic Radii

Answer 9

-Increase down a group
-Decreases across a period
Cations are smaller
Anions are bigger

Question 10

Isoelectronic Ions

Answer 10

Atoms of different elements with the same number of electrons

Question 11

Ionization Energy

Answer 11

Minimum energy required to remove an electron from ground state

• Increases across a period
• Decreases down a group

Question 12

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Answer 12

• Always true for C, O and F
• Atoms 3rd period and below have more than 8
• Some atoms, usually 3A, have fewer than 8

Question 13

Atoms surrounded by an odd number of electrons

Answer 13

Free radical

Question 14

A dominant resonance structure is one that

Answer 14

• Maximizes number of electrons with formal charge of 0

- Has a negative charge residing on the more electronegative atom

Question 15

Electronegativity

Answer 15

Increases across a period

Decreases down group

Question 16

2 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Answer 16

Linear

180

Question 17

3 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Answer 17

Triangular planar

120

Question 18

2 bonds, 1 lone pair

Answer 18

Bent

Less than 120

Question 19

4 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Answer 19

Tetrahedral

109.5

Question 20

3 bonds, 1 lone pair

Answer 20

Triangular pyramidal

107.5

Question 21

2 bonds, 2 lone pairs

Answer 21

Bent

104.5

Question 22

5 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Answer 22

Triangular bypyramidal

90 and 120`

Question 23

4 bonds, 1 lone pair

Answer 23

Seesaw

Question 24

3 bonds, 2 lone pairs

Answer 24

T shape

Question 25

2 bonds, 3 lone pairs

Answer 25

Linear

Question 26

6 bonds, 0 lone pairs

Answer 26

Octahedral

90

Question 27

5 bonds, 1 lone pair

Answer 27

Square pyramid

Question 28

4 bonds, 2 lone pairs

Answer 28

Square planar

Question 29

Hybridization:2

Answer 29

sp

linear

Question 30

Hybridization: 3

Answer 30

sp2

triangular planar

Question 31

Hybridization: 4

Answer 31

sp3

tetrahedral

Question 32

Hybridization: 5

Answer 32

sp3d

triangular bipyramidal

Question 33

Hybridization: 6

Answer 33

sp3d2

octahedral

Question 34

Sigma bond

Answer 34

Head to head overlap

Question 35

Pi bond

Answer 35

Side by side overlap

Question 36

Single Bonds

Answer 36

Always sigma bonds

Question 37

Multiple bonds

Answer 37

One bond is sigma and the rest are pi

Question 38

Nonpolar Molecules

Answer 38

• Has one of the 5 basic geometries

- Terminal atoms are distributed symmetrically

Question 39

Polar Molecules

Answer 39

If dipoles do not cancel out

Molecules with only 1 polar bond