Exam 4:

Question 1

complete fracture

Answer 1

complete break through the bone

Question 2

incomplete fracture

Answer 2

partial break of the bone

Question 3

non-displaced fracture

Answer 3

bone still in alignment

periosteum intact

Question 4

transverse fracture

Answer 4

type of non-displaced fracture

fracture line extends across bone shaft in a straight line at a right angle

Question 5

spiral fracture

Answer 5

type of non-displaced fracture

extends in a spiral direction along bone shaft

Question 6

greenstick fracture

Answer 6

non-displaced fracture

incomplete with one side bent and one side splintered

Question 7

displaced fractures

Answer 7

two ends of bones separated from each other and out of alignment

Question 8

comminuted fracture

Answer 8

displaced fracture

more than two fragments

Question 9

oblique fracture

Answer 9

displaced fracture

fracture extends in a oblique direction

Question 10

Compound fracture

Answer 10

open fracture

bone sticking through the skin

Question 11

simple fracture

Answer 11

closed fracture

skin is intact

Question 11

clinical manifestations of fractures

Answer 11

swelling and edema
pain and tenderness
muscle spasms
deformity
eccymosis, contusion
loss of funsction
crepitation

Question 12

fracture hematoma

Answer 12

first 72 hrs after injury

bleeding at break site that forms into a semi-solid clot

Question 13

granulation tissue

Answer 13

3-14 days after injury

phagocytosis changes into granulation tissue

Question 14

callus formation

Answer 14

appears at end of week 2 after injury

minerals and new bone matrix formed

Question 15

ossification

Answer 15

3 weeks - 6 months after injury and continues until healed

clinical union, limited mobility or cast removed

Question 16

consolidation

Answer 16

up to 1 year after injury

radiologic union, x-ray evident of complete boney union

Question 18

remodeling

Answer 18

union complete

bone returns to pre-injury strength and shape

Question 19

stages of fracture healing

Answer 19

fracture hematoma
granulation tissue
callus formation
ossification
consolidation
remodeling

Question 20

fracture healing complications

Answer 20

delayed union
nonunion
malunion
angulation
pseudoarthritis
refracture
myositis ossification

Question 21

delayed union

Answer 21

healing progresses more slowly than expected

Question 22

nonunion

Answer 22

fails to heal despite treatment

Question 23

malunion

Answer 23

heals in expected time but in unsatisfactory position

possible deformity/dysfunction

Question 24

angulation

Answer 24

heals in abnormal position related to midline of structure

type of malunion

Question 25

pseudoarthritis

Answer 25

type of nonunion | false joint formed at healing site with abnormal movement

Question 26

refracture

Answer 26

new fracture at original fracture site

Question 27

myositis ossification

Answer 27

deposits of calcium in muscle tissue at site of blunt force trauma or repeated injury

Question 28

fracture diagnostics

Answer 28

H&P X-ray CT scan, MRI

Question 29

fracture immobilization

Answer 29

casting/splinting traction external fixation internal fixation

Question 30

fracture collaborative therapy

Answer 30

``` manipulation closed reduction skin traction skeletal traction open reduction ```

Question 31

open fracture therapy

Answer 31

surgical debridement tetanus/diphtheria immunizations prophylactic antibiotic therapy immoilization

Question 32

types of reduction

Answer 32

open reduction | closed reduction

Question 33

closed reduction

Answer 33

nonsurgical manual realignment of bone to previous anatomical position local or general anesthesia

Question 34

open reduction

Answer 34

surgical incision used usually includes internal fixation with wires, screws, plates, rods, or nails disadvantages: inections, complications of anesthesia, preexisting medical condition

Question 35

traction

Answer 35

pulling force applied to injury

Question 36

countertraction

Answer 36

pulls in opposite direction

Question 37

traction use

Answer 37

prevent/reduce muscle spasms or pain immobilize joint or part of body reduce fracture or dislocation treat pathological joint condition