Exam 4 Flashcards
Function of parathyroid hormone
Acts on kidneys (renal tubules) to increase reabsorption and decrease excretion of Ca2+
Function of antidiuretic hormone
Aka arginine vasopressin
Released from posterior pituitary gland in response to increase in ECF osmolarity/decreased blood volume (dehydration)
Acts on kidneys to increase water and Na+ reabosorption
What inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormone?
Alcohol
Function of renin
Enzyme released by kidneys in response to decreased blood pressure
Cuts small peptide off the end of angiotensinogen
Ultimate result after cascade: decreases excretion of Na+ and water, increases reabsorption, and increases excretion of K+, increase in blood pressure
Function of angiotensinogen
After a peptide is cut off by renin, becomes angiotensin I
Made in liver
Function of angiotensin I
Once it reaches the lungs, it is converted to angiotensin II
Function of angiotensin II
Vasoconstrictor
Causes release of aldosterone from adrenal glands
Causes release of antidiuretic hormone
Function of aldosterone
Hormone
Acts on renal tubules to increase Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion (water follows Na+)
= increased blood volume = increased blood pressure
Also increases K+ uptake into cells
Roles of Na+ in the body
Maintaining water and electrolyte balance
Aids in nutrient absorption
Neural and muscular function
What cation circulates in blood with 50% of the total being bound to albumin?
Ca+
Symptoms of Na+ deficiency
Vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating, muscle cramps, mental apathy, loss of appetite
Symptoms of Na+ toxicity
Edema, hypertension
Functions of Cl-
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance HCl production (stomach)
Symptoms of Cl- deficiency
Heavy sweating, diarrhea, vomiting (same as Na+)
Functions of K+
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Nerve and muscle function
Growth