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Weather and Climate > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

In the Summer, in the northern hemisphere, pressure is _______ over ocean Areas.

A

Higher

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2
Q

In the Summer in the Northern Hemisphere, pressure is ______ over land.

A

Lower

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3
Q

In the Winter, in the northern hemisphere, pressure is _______ over land.

A

Higher

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4
Q

In the winter, in the northern hemisphere, Pressure is ___ over ocean areas.

A

Lower

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5
Q

Jet Streams

A

Strong Mainly upper level tropospheric steering winds

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6
Q

River of wind

A

Stronger in the middle; couple hundred miles wide and only a few thousand feet thick

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7
Q

Polar Jet stream

A

Steers cold air away from poles

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8
Q

Polar Jet Strams are most active in the _____ and absent in the ____.

A

Winter; Summer

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9
Q

Polar Jet streams are best found at _______.

A

300 mb height / 30,000ASL

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10
Q

Subtropical Jet Streams are best found at _______.

A

200 mb height / 38,500 ASL

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11
Q

Subtropical Jet Strams

A

get heat out of subtropical regions and shifts it towards polar regions

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12
Q

Low Level jet streams

A

can break up low level clouds

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13
Q

Low Level jet streams are best found at

A

850-700 mb height/ 4,000-9,800 ASL

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14
Q

Upwelling

A

When parallel winds blow surface water off of coast causing colder, nutrient water to come up and replace original surface water

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15
Q

La Nina

A

Colder than average equatorial pacific ocean water temperature

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16
Q

El Nino

A

Warmer than average equatorial pacific ocean water temperature

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17
Q

Sea Breeze (daytime)

A

Upper convection over land

Cloud développement over land

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18
Q

Land Breeze ( Night time)

A

warmer air over water/cooler over land

clouds over water

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19
Q

Mountain/valley breeze are important when…

A

fighting fires.

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20
Q

Valley Breeze (daytime)

A

clouds over peaks/sinks in middle

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21
Q

Mountain Breeze (night time)

A

clouds over valley/ clear over peaks

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22
Q

Monsoon

A

a seasonal wind shift in India/southeastern Asia

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23
Q

thermal lows

A

a low pressure circulation created by changes in air temperature (strong destine) heating over the southwestern USA during the summer months

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24
Q

Katabatic Winds

A

Cold, downslope winds

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25
Q

Chinook Winds

A

warm, downslope winds

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26
Q

Katabatic winds are found in …

A

GReenland, antartica

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27
Q

Chinook Winds are found in …

A

Eastern Slopes Rockies in USA /Canada

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28
Q

Santa ana Winds

A

warm, dry downslope winds in California

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29
Q

Santan Ana winds are most common in _____ months

A

fall

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30
Q

Eddy

A

localized gusts of wind

EX: wind blowing around the UT tower

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31
Q

Winds Sheer

A

A rapid change in wind speed and/or direction in a short period of time

(EX: thunderstorm)

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32
Q

Haboob

A

sandstorm in North Africa/ Inda

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33
Q

Air mass

A

a mass of air characterized by homogeneous physical properties
(temperature, humidity, moisture)

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34
Q

a or cA / continental Arctic

A

comes from Antarctica

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35
Q

cP / continental Polar

A

comes from Canada

-Most predominant in fall because the lakes freeze int he winter

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36
Q

mP / Maritime Polar

A

Originates over water

-Fog, chilly, wet

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37
Q

mT / Maritime Tropical

A

warm and humid air mass

  • present most of the year
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38
Q

Front

A

a boundary between two air masses

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39
Q

frontolysis

A

how front dies

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40
Q

Frontegenesis

A

how a front develops

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41
Q

overrunning

A

a less dense air mass overruns a more dense one

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42
Q

When does overrunning happen

A

when air close to the ground is dense and cold

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43
Q

to be called a front, you need a forward motion of

A

4-5 mph

44
Q

cold fronts

A

when cold air actively advances into a region formerly occupied by warmer air

45
Q

Blue arrows on a cold front always point…

A

in the direction they’re going

46
Q

cold fronts produce _____ weather

A

more sever

47
Q

Warm Front

A

when the surface position of a front moves such that warmer air occupies territory formerly occupied by colder air

48
Q

warm front slope

A

1:150

49
Q

cold front slope

A

1:50

50
Q

stationary front

A

little forward movement oh wither air mass

51
Q

stationary fronts have been correlated to ….

A

flash floods

52
Q

Occuleded Front

A

when a cold front overruns a warm front in the vicinity of a surface low

53
Q

the dry line

A

a boundary between CT (hot dry air and mT (warm moist air) air mass

54
Q

Whether forecasting is ….

A

predicting how the state of the atmosphere will change with time

55
Q

Geostationary satellite imagery

A

1) visible imagery
- not available in nighttime hours
2) infrared imagery
- able to decipher cloud top temperatures
3) water vapor imagery
- shows atmospheric pressure

56
Q

Radars show_____

A

Precipitation

- the larger/ heavier the rain, the redder it gets

57
Q

Radar reflectivity

A

how much energy you send out and how much you get returned

58
Q

Radial Velocity

A

motion toward/ away form you

59
Q

Surface weather observations are taken…

A

at thousands of locations around the world on an hourly basis

60
Q

observations can be

A

1) automated
2) automated with manual augmentation
3) manual

61
Q

Cooperative Climate Data

A

people keeping track of weather for the government

62
Q

the world meteorological organization

A

Responsible for the international exchange of weather data and certifies that the observation process does not vary between nations

63
Q

Who is the sole source of weather watches/advisories/ warnings

A

National Weather Service

64
Q

Weather watch

A

atmospheric a conditions are favorable for the type of weather specified

65
Q

Weather watches generally have a

A

Larger geographic area and a longer life span

66
Q

Weather advisory

A

the type of weather specified is immanent or is occurring and is a public inconvenience

67
Q

Weather advisories generally have a

A

mid sized geographic area and are in effect for 6-24 hours

68
Q

Weather warnings

A

the type of weather specified is imminent or is occurring and an immediate threat to life and/or property

69
Q

Weather warnings generally have a

A

smaller geographic area with a time span of 1/2 to 1 hour

70
Q

analogue method forecasting

A

comparing storm characteristics to one in past

71
Q

climatological forecasting

A

a general prediction based on what most days are like during the current climate

72
Q

short term forecasting (today, tonight) are _____% accurate

A

85-90%

73
Q

Medium term forecasting (2-3) days out are ____% accurate.

A

80-85%

74
Q

Longer range forecast (4-8 days out) are _______% accurate

A

close to 80%

75
Q

there are _____ thunderstorms in progress at any given moment worldwide

A

2,000

76
Q

thunderstorms are more common in

A

warmer, equatorial climates

77
Q

what produces a line of storms?

A

cold fronts

78
Q

Cumulous thunderstorms stage

A

1) updraft dominate
2) no rain/lightening
3) clouds getting darker and darker

79
Q

Mature thunderstorm Stage

A

1) lightning/thunder/heavy rain

2) down drafts begin to dominate at some point

80
Q

Dissipation thunderstorm stage

A

storm begins to die

81
Q

sever thunderstorms produce hail that is ______ in diameter.

A

1” or larger

82
Q

Straight lined sever thunderstorm winds produce winds of

A

50 knots 58 mph

83
Q

how to crate a sever thunderstorm

A

increase winds aloft, get more tilt, separate updraft/downdrafts

84
Q

Squaline

A

line of thunderstorms that take on a linear appearance

85
Q

A bolt of lightning is about the diameter of a

A

Pencil

86
Q

lighting can strike up to ____ miles away from the parent thunderstorm

A

10-20

87
Q

thunderstorms are officially observed when thunder is first heard and end _____ minutes after last thunder is heard

A

15

88
Q

tornadoes

A

a violently rotating column of air extending from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud and reaching the earths surface

89
Q

summer heat is the number one_____

A

killer in the US

90
Q

Ingredients for a tornados

A

1) mT air mass (warm moist air)
2) extremely unstable air mass
3) strong lifting mechanism

91
Q

EF Scale

A

enhanced Fujita Scale: Measures Tornados damages

92
Q

EF0 damage

A

Light damage (65-85mph)

93
Q

EF1 damage

A

moderate damage (86-110 mph)

94
Q

EF2 damage

A

considerable damage (111-135 mph)

95
Q

EF3 damage

A

sever damage (136-165mph)

96
Q

EF4 damage

A

Devastating damage (166-200mph)

97
Q

EF5 damage

A

Incredible damage (201-318mph)

98
Q

Ingredients for a tropical cyclone

A

1) form over the tropical oceans of the world
2) surface temperature of 81 degrees or higher
3) weak upper level winds with a anticyclone in upper levels above

99
Q

Less than _____ % of Meso cyclones will make a tornadoe

A

20%

100
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Spinning of air does NOT mean tornado

A

TRUE

101
Q

cloud to ground lightning makes up ____ % of lightning strikes

A

20%

102
Q

Heat Lightning

A

Lightning you can see in the distance

103
Q

Hail occurs because _________

A

updraft/downdraft of a storm

104
Q

large hail will often fall _____ of a tornado

A

Northeast

105
Q

Baseball sized hail falls at a terminal velocity of _______

A

85 mph

106
Q

Veering Wind

A

Winds which shift in a clockwise direction with time at a given location

107
Q

Backing Winds

A

Winds which shift in a counter-clockwise direction with time at a given location

Weather and Climate (5 decks)

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