Exam 4 Flashcards
Definition:
Antibiotic
an antimicrobial agent derived from cultures of a microorganism or produced semisynthetically, used to treat infections
Definition:
Antimicrobial
an agent that kills or inhibits the growth or replication of microorganisms
Definition:
Erythema
a redness tinge of skin color associated with a variety of skin rashes
Definition:
Exudate
purulent discharge, consisting of fluid that escaped from the blood vessels, dead phagocytic cells, and dead tissue cells and products that they release
Definition:
Hydrotherapy
the use of water as a healing treatment; it is used to decrease pain, decrease fever, reduce swelling, reduce cramps, induce sleep, and improve physical and mental tone
Definition:
Immune response
3rd line of defense; specific defenses; a defense function of the body that protects the body against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi and other infectious agents
Definition:
Infection
an invasion of body tissues by microorganisms and their growth there
Definition:
Inflammatory response
a local and nonspecific defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent that occurs once the external barriers are compromised. second line of defense. it occurs the same time every time
Definition:
Leukocytosis
an increase in the number of white blood cells
Definition:
Phagocytosis
the process by which cells engulf microorganisms and cellular debris
Definition:
Superinfection
an infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection. it is usually a result of change in normal tissue flora
Definition:
vasoconstriction
constricted blood vessels
Definition:
vasodilation
an increase in the diameter of blood vessels
Describe nonspecific defenses
Occur the same way every time
Protect the person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
Anatomic and Physiologic barriers = first line of defense
Inflammatory Response = second line of defense
Describe the first line of defense
Anatomic and physiologic barriers:
Intact skin and mucous membranes
Phagocytosis
Protect the individual against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
Each body orifice has protective mechanisms
Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:
Nasal Passages
as entering air follows the route of passage, it comes in contact with moist mucous membranes and cilia. These trap microorganisms, dust, and foreign material
Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:
Oral cavity
regularly sheds mucosal epithelium to rid the mouth of colonizers. The flow of saliva and its partially buffering action help prevent infections
Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:
Lungs
Have alveolar macrophages. Phagocytes are cells that ingest microorganisms, dead cells, and foreign particles
Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:
Eyes
Tears which continually wash microorganisms away
Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:
Gastrointestinal Tract
highly acidity of the stomach normally prevents microbial growth. the resident flora of the large intestine helps prevent the establishment of disease producing microorganisms. Peristalsis tends to move microbes out of the body
Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:
Vagina
woman reaches puberty, lactobacilli ferment sugars in vaginal secretions, creating a vaginal pH of 3.5 - 4.5 This low pH inhibits the growth of many disease producing microorganisms
Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:
Urethra
the entrance to the urethra normally harbors many microorganisms. it is believed that the urine flow has a flushing and bacteriostatic action that keeps the bacteria from ascending the urethra
List the 3 causes of inflammation
Physical agents include mechanical objects causing trauma to tissue, excessive heat or cold and radiation.
Chemical agents include external irritants and internal irritants
Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
What are the 5 assessment findings of inflammation?
Pain Swelling Redness Heat Impaired function of the part if the injury is severe
List the 3 stages of inflammation
Vascular and cellular response
Exudate Production
Reparative Phase
