exam 4 Flashcards by Natalie Richards

what is the sympathetic nervous system

fight/flight

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what are the preganglionic receptors for the SNS

acetylcholine

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what are the postganglionic receptors for the SNS

norepinephrine

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what is the parasympathetic nervous system

rest/digest, initiates brain stem/sacral spinal nerves

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what is the pre/postganglionic receptor for PSNS

acetylcholine

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what are the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis

numbness/tingling, walking difficulty, vision problems, fatigue

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what are positive symptoms of schizophrenia

hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, disordered thinking

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what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

social withdrawal, poor judgment and self care

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what is the Cushing’s triad and what does it indicate

increased systolic BP, decreased pulse and respirations. indicates increased ICP

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what is a lumbar puncture and what does it do

long needle into spine that drains CSF, looks for meningitis

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what should you not do during a lumbar puncture

do without gloves, very infectious

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what is the schizophrenia drug therapy goal

maintenance at highest possible level of functioning

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what is a battle sign

bruising behind the ear

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what are raccoon eyes

brushing around eyes (above eyebrows and upper eyelids)

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what is a basilar skull fracture and what are the signs of it

at base of temporal and frontal lobes, raccoon eyes and battle sign

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what is a linear skull fracture

thin lines visible on xray, no treatment

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what is a concussion

sudden excessive movement of the brain, retrograde amnesia, loss of conciousness

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what are S+S of a concussion

headache, dizziness, N+V, test for nystagmus

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what are S+S of increased ICP

decreased LOC, responsiveness, and pupillary response, severe headache, projectile vomiting, cushings triad

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what is decorticate posturing

stiff with arms towards body, clenched arms on chest, toes rotated in

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what is decerebrate posturing

arms and legs extended, toes pointed down, head and neck arched back, tight and rigid muscles

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what is CSF

cushions brain and spinal cord

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how does CSF maintain ICP

CSF produced=CSF reabsorbed

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S+S of right CVA

paralyzed left side, spatial-perceptual deficits, quick and impulsive, performance memory deficits

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S+S of left CVA

paralyzed right side, speech-language deficits, slow and cautious, language memory deficit, distress and depression

what are the drug levels for anti seizure meds

monitor therapeutic and plasma, 10-20 mcg/ml

what is the pathophysiology of Parkinson's

imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine, dopamine plays role in movement, neurodegenerative disorder

what is coup

acceleration: head struck by moving object, directly below site of forceful impact

what is contrecoup

deceleration: head is moving and hits forceful object, injury on opposite side of brain

what is tardive dyskinesia

twisting movements of tongue and face, flycatcher tonuge/lipsmacking

what is are the types of partial seizures

simple partial, complex partial, secondary generalized

what is a simple partial seizure

1 area in brain, no loss of consciousness

what is a complex partial seizure

1 area in brain, may lose consciousness

what is a secondary generalized seizure

begins in single area and goes into generalized (all over brain)

what are the types of generalized seizures

tonic-clonic, absence, atonic, myoclonic, status epilepticus, febrile

what is a tonic-clonic seizure

both hemispheres, jerking, loss of conciousness

what is an absence seizure

brief sudden lapse of consciousness, blank stares

what is an atonic seizure

loss of muscle tone/strength, drop to ground

what is a myoclonic seizure

tonic-clonic but person is awake

what is status epilepticus

continuous seizures, med emergency

what is a febrile seizure

fever causes seizure, cool them down

what are SSRI's used for

antidepressant, OCD, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric

what are SSRI AE

serotonin syndrome, withdrawal, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, nervousness

what are SNRI used for

major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder

what is hydrocephalus management (VP shunt)

moves excess CSF from brain to peritoneum, it is absorbed

what is intracranial/brain assessment diagnostics

cushings triad, increased ICP is related to many neurologic disorders

what is haloperidol used for

schizophrenia

what are the AE of haloperidol

acute dystonia: upward deviation of eyes, tar dive dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, sexual dysfunction

what is olanzipine used for

BPD

what does olanzipine do

surpasses agitation in severe mania and nausea in chemo

what is lithium used for

BPD

what does lithium do

mood stabilizer, relieves symptoms during manic episode

what are the AE of lithium

renal toxicity, teratogenic

when should you monitor lithium levels are beginning of treatment and after initial treatment

q 2-3 days, q 3-6months

what are the interactions with lithium

diuretics, NSAID's, anticholingeric

what is aripiprazole used for

BPD

what does aripiprazole do

treats mania, depression, and irritability

what are the SE of aripiprazole

headache, anxiety, insomnia

what is alprazolam

anti anxiety, short acting

what is carbamazepine used for

seizure med, epilepsy, BPD

what are the AE of carbamazepine

nystagmus, leukopenia, anemia, throbocytopenia, teratogenic, photosensitivty

what are the interactions with carbamazepine

warfarin, oral contraceptives, grapefruit juice

what is pramipexol used for

parkinsons

what are the AE of pramipexol

hallucinations, insomnia

why is it hard to treat parkinsons

some AE of the drugs are symptoms of Parkinsons

what is the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used for

clot busting

what do you have to do for tPA

give within 20 minutes

what is phenytoin used for

seizures

what type of seizures is phenytoin used for

partial and tonic-clonic

what are the AE of phenytoin

sedation, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, cardiovascular

what are the interactions with phenytoin

decreased BC effects, warfarin, glucocorticoids, increases alcohol

what is gingival hyperplasia and how can you decrease this

overgrowth of gums, good oral hygiene care

what is interferon beta used for

multiple sclerosis

what should you do with interferon beta

begin as soon as diagnosed and continue indefinitely

what are the AE of interferon beta

hepatotoxicity, myelosupression, immunomodulatory, at risk for infection

what is sertraline

SSRI

what is risperidone used for

seizures or BPD

what does risperidone do

increases positive and negative symptoms and cognitive function

what is mannitol used for

increased ICP, osmotic diuretic

what does mannitol do

draws blood from brain to bloodstream

what do you have to have for IV mannitol

filter tubing

what is lorazepam used for

seizures

what is important about lorazepam

first line, used to terminate seizures, sedates the patient