Exam 4 Flashcards
Where is the azygos vein located?
Passes up right side of vertebral column in mediastinum
What does the azygos vein do?
Connects Superior Vena Cava to the Inferior Vena Cava, and drains the costal veins
Med Term: Phreno
Diaphragm
Med Term: Gastro
stomach
Med Term: Cysto
Bile
Med Term: Chole
Bile
Med Term: Cholecysto
Gallbladder
Med Term: Colo
Large Intestine
Med Term: Hepato
Liver
Med Term: Nephro/ren
Kidney
Med Term: Epiplo
epiploon/omentum
Definition: -Itis
inflammation
Definition: -Ectomy
surgical removal
What are the anterior and posterior central landmarks?
Anterior: Umbilicus
Posterior: Lumbar 4
What is in this Abdominal Quadrant: LUQ
Spleen
Stomach
Top of left kidney
Left Adrenal Gland
Part of the transverse colon
What is in this Abdominal Quadrant:
RUQ
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Top of right kidney
Right Adrenal gland
What is in this Abdominal Quadrant:
LLQ
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Left ureter
Lower part of left kidney
What is in this Abdominal Quadrant:
RLQ
Appendix
Right ureter
Part of ascending colon
right lower part of kidney
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
left gastric artery, splenic artery,
common hepatic artery
What organs does the celiac trunk give blood?
Common hepatic: Liver
Left Gastric: Stomach
Splenic: Spleen and Pancreas
What is the function of the spleen?
Breaks down aged red blood cells by removing hemoglobin turning it into bilirubin
What is Bile?
Green fluid made and secreted by liver
Where is bile made?
liver
What does bile do?
Helps the body break down fast when they get to the duodenum
Definition of Pyrosis:
HeartBurn
What is a Gastric Ulcer?
Erosion of stomach lining
What is the typical cause of a gastric ulcer?
Bacteria of H Pylori
Definition of Mesentery:
folded periosteum that attaches intenstines to the posterior abdominal wall
Contains the arteries and veins that supply blood to intestines
Definition of Greater Omentum:
a specialized layer of fat which hangs from the stomach and that may become attached to an area of inflammation.
Another name for Greater Omentum?
Epiploon
Define Peritoneum:
Thin lining with two surfaces and cavity
Visceral and Parietal
Supports the abdominal organs
Which organs are retroperitoneal?
Kidneys
Definition of Adhesion:
Scar Tissue
Which organs do the superior mesenteric arteries give blood to?
Small Intestine, Cecum, Appendix, Right Colic flexure, Transverse Colon
Which organs do the inferior mesenteric arteries give blood to?
Left colic flexure, Descending colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
From where and what do the superior mesenteric veins drain?
Drains into the hepatic portal vein.
From where and what do the inferior mesenteric veins drain?
Drains into the splenic vein
What is referred pain?
Pain that is perceived in a location that is not the actual site of the issues
What are examples of referred pain?
Myocardial Infarction: Left arm or neck
Gallbladder: Right Scapula/Shoulder
Definition of laparoscopy
Small puncture wounds to put in a small camera
pros of laparoscopy
Less pain
Faster recovery
Cons of laparoscopy
Lack of sensation
Two dimensional view
Slow access
Endocrine function of the pancreas:
Hormone Insulin
Releases sugar into blood stream
Exocrine function of the pancreas:
Produces of Amylase and Lipase for digestion.
What is pancreatitis?
inflammation of the pancreas
What is the common cause of pancreatitis?
Gall stones
The function of the small intestine is:
Breakdown of food
Absorb nutrients and minerals
Extract water
function of large intestine
Dehydrate what’s left of food to make stools
What is the hepatic portal system?
Specialized system that takes nutrient rich blood to be stored in the liver as glycogen used a glucose when needed.
What vessels are involved in the hepatic portal system?
Splenic Vein
Inferior and Superior mesenteric
What are the lobes of the liver?
right, left, quadrate, caudate
What are the impressions of the liver?
Gastric, Colic, Renal
What is the functions of the liver?
Filtering bilirubin, producing bile, storing glycogen, protein production (Albumin)
Diseases of Liver:
Hepatits (Viral infection)
Cirrhosis (Scar tissue)
Cancer
Define/Describe Ligametum teres hepatis
Left over of umbilical vein
Define/Describe Falcifrom ligament
Attaches the liver to the anterior wall
What is the common bile duct?
carries bile from gallbladder and liver into the duodenum
What is gallstones?
Built up cholesterol
What is the function of the kidneys?
filter blood fluid balance
Where are the kidneys located?
retroperitoneal space
Where and onto what vessels are kidney transplants attached?
Lower anterior abdomen onto external iliac vessel
Describe kidney stones
Calcium built up
What is the removal of a kidney stone called?
Lithotripsy
Where is the adrenal gland located?
On top of kidneys
What type of gland is the adrenal gland?
Endocrine
What drains the blood from the adrenal gland?
Suprarenal vessels
Which organs attach to the abdominal anterior wall?
Bladder and Liver
Name muscle and fascia layers of the abdominal wall superficial to deep:
-Skin
-Superficial Fascia
-External Oblique M
-External Oblique A
-Internal Oblique M
-Internal oblique A
-Rectus Abdominis
-Transverse Abdomins
Transvers Fascia
-Subersous Fat
Peritoneum
What are the bones in the pelvis?
ilium, ischium, pubis
What are the bony processes in the pelvis?
Iliac Crest
ASIS
Ischial tuberosity
Pubis Symphais
What is the attachment site for the inguinal ligament?
ASIS and Pubic tubercle
What are the three borders of the inguinal triangle?
Inguinal Ligamnet
Linea Semilunaris
Epigastric Vessels
What runs through the canal in males?
Spermatic cord
Name the layers of each ring is made of: Deep Inguinal Ring
Transerversalis Fascia
Inguinal Hernia Indirect:
Runs through the deep inguinal ring and superficial ring
-Happens in younger guys
Inguinal Herina Direct:
Hernia goes through the superficial inguinal ring
More frequent in older men
Male anatomy, Two parts of penis
(Name, Location, Function)
Corpus Cavernosum
Corpus Spongisoum
Define Hypospadias:
Ventral portion of penile urethra fails to close during embryo
Define: Circumsion
Surgical removal of the foreskin
Three parts of the make urethra:
Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Penile Urethra
Where is sperm made?
Testies
Where does sperm mature?
epididymis
What is the tube that carries sperm?
as deferens
Three structures that contribute to semen:
Seminal Vesicle
Prostate
Cowpers Gland
Explain what the three structures secrete:
-Seminal Vesicle
-Prostate
-Cowper’s Gland
-80% of semen, fructose for energy
-Enzymes, Liquid nature, and nourishment
-Alkaline mucus, lubricates urethra to neutralize acid from leftover urine and vagina
Define Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy:
enlargement of the prostate gland
List blood flow from internal thoracic artery —> Femoral Artery
-Musculophrenic
-Superior epigastric
-Inferior epigastric
-External Iliac
-Femoral
Med Term: Procto
Anus/Rectum
Med Term: Orchido
Testis
Med Term: Oophoro
Ovary
Med term: Hystero/Metro
Uterus
Six f’s that may cause enlarged abdomen:
fat, fluid, flatus, feces, fatal tumor, fetus
Renal Cyst:
A fluid-filled growth within the kidney
True or False: Ateries don’t need valves
True
True or false: Veins need valves to push back blood flow to IVC
True
True or False: IVC, Hepatic portal vein don’t need valves
True
Portal Triangle:
Hepatic Portal Vein, Common Bile duct
proper hepatic artery
Kidney Medula:
Pyramids, Columns, Papilla
What three things pass through the diaphragm?
Aorta, IVC, Esophagus
Hiatal Hernia:
Stomach passes through the diaphragm
sinusoids
where blood flows into theses spots that gives men erections.
Corpus Spongiosum
Covers the penile urethra.
Equivalent layers in scrotum: External Oblique Fascia
External Spermatic Fascia
Equivalent layers in scrotum: Internal Oblique Muscle
Cremaster muscle
Equivalent layers in scrotum: Trasvere fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Equivalent layers in scrotum: Peritoneum
Tunica Vaginalis
