Exam 4 Flashcards
Work-Family Conflict
A conflict that occurs when work interferes with family obligations.
Role Enhancement Theory
People experience an increase in energy and well-being when they are engaged in multiple roles as a result of being so involved and engaged.
Work-Family Enrichment
Two way process in which happens at work benefits family life and what happens in the family benefits work.
Sandwich Generation
The group of individuals, primarily women, who are simultaneously caring for their children and aging parents.
Family Medical Leave Act
Provides 12 weeks of unpaid leave for the birth, adoption, or foster care placement of a child, can also be used for personal illness or to care for a sick family member. Because of limitations, FMLA doesn’t apply to about 44% of the workforce.
Subjective Age
your own subjective feeling of age.
Subjective Age Bias
Most middle-aged and older people feel younger than they are.
Ageism
Prejudice related to a person’s actual or perceived age.
Stereotype Embodiement Theory
The idea that people learn age-related stereotypes at a young age, internalize them as self stereotypes, and are subsequently influenced by them in thoughts and actions.
Elder Speak
A form of speech often used by younger individuals when communicating with older adults. It is characterized by a patronizing or condescending tone.
Beauty Work
Efforts and practices women do to enhance or maintain their physical appearance according to societal beauty standards.
Age Concealment
Beauty work undertaken to hide the signs of aging and to be able to “pass” as younger than ones chronological age.
Perimenopause
Few years before and 12 months after one’s last menstrual cycle.
Menopause
There permanent end of menstrual periods, resulting from decreased hormone production in the ovaries.
Postmenopause
The period beginning 12 months after the last menstrual period and continuing until the end of one’s life
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Treats and prevents symptoms associated with menopause.
Family Caregiving
Unpaid assistance provided to an older adult with chronic or disabling conditions.
Widowhood Effect
The death of a spouse significantly increases the surviving partners risk of death by 48%. Greatest among Latin women and men.
Disenfranchised Grief
Grief that cannot be expressed openly because the loss is not recognized or acknowledged by those around the bereaved individual.
Role Strain Relief Hypothesis
The idea that parents, particularly mothers, will have an increase in well-being after children leave home because of a decrease in daily demands, time constraints, and work-family conflicts.
Empty Nest Syndrome
The experience of depression, loneliness, identity crisis, or emotional distress after children leave the home.
Role Loss Hypothesis
The idea that parents, particularly mothers, will experience a decrease in well-being when their role as a caregiver is no longer needed.
Launching Phase
The period during which children are in the process of leaving the parental home.
Custodial Role
Becoming full-time and often permanent guardians of a grandchild.
Bridge work
Work, often part-time, obtained after retirement from one job that provides a transition between employment and full retirement.
Leisure Innovation
Engaging in new leisure activities as part of retirement.
Gender-Based Violence
Violence that is motivated by anger, hatred, or bias because of a person’s gender.
Rape Culture
A cultural context in which sexual violence is normalized and perpetrators don’t fear repercussions.
Sexual Assault
Refers to different types of sexual abuse, including rape, attempted rape, unwanted sexual touching, and/or sexual harassment.
Rape
Penetration of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.
Unacknowledged Rape
Situations where individuals experience acts that meet the legal or academic definitions of rape but do not label or recognize these experiences as “rape.”
Acquaintance Rape
Rape perpetrated by an intimate partner or someone known to the victim– is much more common than stranger rape.
Traditional Rape Script
Undergraduate students generally report that they think a “typical” rape includes physical aggression and is perpetrated by a stranger.
Tonic Immobility
An involuntary “frozen” body response that occurs in high-fear situations.
Rape Threat
The pervasive anxiety or concern that many individuals—particularly women—experience due to the possibility of being sexually assaulted.
Compliant Sex
Sex that occurs when a person agrees to sexual acts that are actually unwanted.
Token Resistance
Saying no to sex but really meaning yes; a behavior that happens less frequently than many assume.
Affirmative Consent
Mutual, explicit, voluntary, active consent given before a sexual act.
Belief in a just world
The belief that most people get what they deserve.
Post-Traumatic Growth
A positive psychological change that can occur following a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances.
Domestic Violence
Any abusive, violent, coercive, forceful, or threatening act by one member of a family or household toward another.
Intimate Partner Violence
A form of DV involving violence by one member of an intimate couple against the other.
Common Couples Violence (or situational couples violence)
When conflicts spontaneously escalates to violence and isn’t severe.
Intimate Terrorism (coercive controlling violence)
Violence that occurs with more regularity and that increases in severity over time.
Violent Resistance
Occurs in response to violence from a partner.
Princess Effect
The tendency for a man to make his partner feel uniquely special, is a strategy to increase attachment and loyalty. Once loyalty is secured, he initiates deep, intense conversations that require the woman to disclose their vulnerabilities, which the man later uses to control them.
Cycle of Abuse
A cycle within ongoing abusive relationships that consists of a tension-building stage, a violent episode, and a loving and contrition phase.
Learned Hopefulness
Believing that a perpetrator can change.
Coercive Power
A type of power that leads survivors to think they will experience negative consequences if they do not comply with their abusers demands.
Gaslighting
A form of psychological abuse that involves manipulating victims into doubting their memory, perception, or sanity.
Identity Abuse
Perpetrators threatening to disclose their partners LQBTQ+ identity to instill fear in them.
Battered Women’s Syndrome
A type of post-traumatic stress disorder that includes disruption in interpersonal relationships, body image distortion, and sexual intimacy issues.
Bystander Intervention
Intervening when one witnesses a problematic situation.
Medical Model
A model that assumes mental health concerns are the result of physical problems that can be treated through medical intervention.
Agoraphobia
A type of anxiety related to being outside of the home or being in a public place.
Historical Trauma
Unresolved grief that affects an individual or a group of descendants in successive generations of those who have suffered significant trauma.
Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome
The idea that the trauma of slavery and its legacy continue to manifest in psychological and behavioral concerns among contemporary black Americans.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Disorder involving poor sense of self, including self criticism and feelings of emptiness, and impairments in interpersonal relationships including impaired empathy and intimacy.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Impairments in social interactions, impaired communication, and restrictive/repetitive behaviors.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
A disorder that is diagnosed when women have symptoms of depression that start before the onset of their period and end soon after the period is over.
Internalizing reactions to distress
Directing emotional distress inward. Behaviors and emotions that are focused on the self, such as depression, anxiety, and self-blame. Women more prone tho this.
Externalizing reactions to distress
Expressing psychological distress outwardly, often in ways that affect others or one’s environment. These responses can include aggressive, disruptive, or impulsive behaviors. Men more prone to this.
Gender Role Strain Theory
An explanation for how people can be negatively affected by both conforming to and violating their prescribed gender roles. Conforming can cause dysfunctional strain whereby rigid adherence to gender roles enhances mental health problems, and violating gender roles can cause discrepancy strain whereby people experience stress and anxiety about not living up to their role.
Rumination
A tendency to obsessively think about one’s problems and all of the causes and consequences of the situation.
Discrepancy Strain
Stress and anxiety about not being able to live up to gender standards.
Multicultural Competence
A therapeutic skill that involves recognizing how multiple, intersecting aspects of clients’ social identities influence their lives. Multiculturally competent therapists are keenly aware of the dangers of stereotypes and assumptions about the universality of experience when working with clients.
Dynamic Sizing
Knowing when to generalize about a clients cultural heritage and when to consider that person’s unique situation.
Class Competency
How to modify traditional psychotherapy when working with people with lower incomes. This perspective emphasizes the benefits of therapists being aware of their own beliefs about social class and poverty and being willing to discuss the role of poverty in their clients’ mental health.
Self-Silencing
The inhibiting of self expression in order to please another person, and the sacrificing of one’s own needs in order to maintain relationships.
