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Govt > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What can be said about traditional vs digital media?

A

traditional media was more regulated than digital and had a higher level of accuracy, but there’s bias

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2
Q

What do policy makers see media as? Why?

A

blessing and curse
blessing: seek more support from people
curse: opposers use media to undermine politicians

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3
Q

What did policy makers called the media? Why?

A

4th estate (4th branch of govt); due to its great influence (power)

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4
Q

What’s investigative reporting? What were the reporters called in the past?

A

reporters investigate what’s happening and bring it out to the public; muckrakers

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5
Q

What did technology evolve to and from?

A

to narrowcasting from broadcasting

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6
Q

What’s broadcasting? What’s an example?

A

media appeals to as many people as possible; radios

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7
Q

What’s narrowcasting? What’s an example?

A

media appeals to more narrow audience; cable tv

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8
Q

What did the introduction of the internet do? (2)

A

expanded the number of news platforms; cause traditional media to become more scarce

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9
Q

What did the introduction of social media do? (3)

A

blows up the internet; dumbs down media; cause traditional media to integrate social media to increase relevancy to try to compete with other platforms or get more attention

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10
Q

What are the ups and downs of access to media?

A

ups: much easier
downs: more meaningful news harder to find

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11
Q

What are the concerns of media?

A

info easier to find, but discernment is harder

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12
Q

How does AI affect media?

A

feeds us exactly what we want to see/hear

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13
Q

What’s confirmation bias? What does it result from? Why is this a problem?

A

social media confirms bias based on our feeds; narrowcasting and echo chamber; harder to agree with other people and their views

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14
Q

What’s an echo chamber?

A

bias “echos” back to you; no challenge of bias

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15
Q

How does social media influence political participation? (3)

A
  1. increases it
  2. shapes political opinion
  3. informs us of political issues
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16
Q

Why is there media partisanship?

A

seek out viewers; need to cater/ please a group due to many media sources

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17
Q

True or False. Most americans are misinformed due to irresponsible media consumption.

A

true

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18
Q

What’s the negative impact of the media? (4)

A
  1. increase of misinformation
  2. appealing emotion (increase of echo chambers)
  3. breakdown of media trust and govt
  4. breakdown of civil discourse
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19
Q

How did the founders view political parties?

A

negatively

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20
Q

Who was the 1st political party? What was their goal?

A

Jeffersonian Republicans (1789); overthrow elites

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21
Q

What did the federalists do in response to the Jeffersonian Republicans?

A

pass the Alien and Sedition Act (1789)

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22
Q

What did the Alien and Sedition Act prohibited?

A

criticism towards the president or congress

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23
Q

What were George Washington’s reasonings for going against political parties? (3)

A
  1. threat to elites (parties empower the masses)
  2. JR threatens federalists
  3. parties threatens minorities (elites)
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24
Q

What are political parties?

A

mass org. that seek control over govt. through constitutional means; pursue to win elections to increase control

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25
Q

What’s the difference between political parties and interest groups?

A

interest groups want to influence govt rather than control

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26
Q

How are political parties organized? (3)

A
  1. public/people
  2. party
  3. govt.
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27
Q

How are party systems formed? (2)

A

internal and external mobilization

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28
Q

What’s internal mobilization?

A

issue inside party splits it; factions break up and a new party emerges

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29
Q

Which party was formed from internal mobilization?

A

democratic party (from JR)

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30
Q

What’s external mobilization?

A

party won’t deal with an issue; factions begin to gather around issue; party breaks up

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31
Q

Which party was formed from external mobilization?

A

republican party

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32
Q

For many years, which party was the most powerful?

A

democratic

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33
Q

Who did the FDR democratic coalition consists of? (7)

A

catholics
jews
african americans
rural americans
intellectuals
union members
white southerners

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34
Q

What did the former republican party consists of? (4)

A

rural americans
non-college citizens
white males
evangelicals

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35
Q

What did the former democratic party consists of? (2)

A

urban and coastal americans

36
Q

What did both the democratic and republican party agree on? (3)

A
  1. private property
  2. capitalism
  3. constitutional framework
37
Q

What do the republicans support? (5)

A

higher military spending
cuts in social programs
cuts in taxes
small govt
religious social agenda (conservative)

38
Q

What do the democrats support? (4)

A

expand social welfare
less military spending
greater regulation (bigger govt)
less social regulation; more economic regulation

39
Q

What are 3rd parties? What do they stem from?

A

active parties other than the 2 main parties; issues

40
Q

What are the odds of 3rd parties winning elections?

A

extremely low

41
Q

What are the limits of 3rd parties? (3)

A
  1. reaches critical mass- either 2 main parties incorporate their issues
  2. waste votes
  3. single party district with plurality
42
Q

What’s the difference between plurality and proportional? What system do we have?

A

plurality - fewer groups; winner takes all
proportional- more groups; lower chance of getting things done
plurality

43
Q

What happens during nominations? (functions of parties)

A

party selects rep. to run election

44
Q

Explain the history of nominations. (functions of parties)

A

went from caucus to convention to primary system

45
Q

Explain what happens during a convention. (functions of parties)

A

each state hold convention to send people to national convention, and the people of the national convention chooses a nominee

46
Q

Explain what happens in a primary selection. (functions of parties)

A

the people/voters select delegates to go to the national convention

47
Q

What does it mean by open primary?

A

voters can decide what party they want to be apart of right there at the primaries

48
Q

What does it mean by closed primary?

A

voter must declare party in advance

49
Q

True or false. Parties have some degree of control of Congress when it comes to votes.

A

true

50
Q

What are the 2 reasons for the weakening of parties?

A
  1. high tech politics
  2. move from labor to capital
51
Q

Explain how high tech politics cause parties to weaken?

A

before high tech, candidates were reliant on parties to reach out to people
candidates now don’t need parties to reach out to people due to high tech

52
Q

Explain how the move from labor to capital cause parties to weaken?

A

not as many people needed, but money

53
Q

What was the ruling from Buckley v Valeo (1976)?

A

money equals speech

54
Q

What was the ruling in Citizens United (2010) case?

A

no limits on corporate or union spending

55
Q

Which 2 cases showed the failure of congressional attempts to regulate campaign money?

A

Buckley v Valeo (1976)
Citizens United (2010)

56
Q

What’s the problem of interest groups?

A

represent a narrow group of people who try to influence govt, but can’t get rid of them

57
Q

What’s the cause for the formation of interest groups?

A

people want to protect their interests

58
Q

What are the 4 organizational components of interest groups?

A
  1. groups must attract/keep members (provide selective benefits)
  2. financial structure
  3. decision making structure
  4. agency to carry out issues
59
Q

What are the characteristics of interest groups members?

A

most are upperclass; vehicles for smaller groups with big resources

60
Q

What are the 4 causes for the growth of interest groups?

A
  1. growth of govt
  2. growth of protests and activists
  3. litigation
  4. economics
61
Q

What are the 6 strategies of interest groups?

A
  1. going public
  2. lobbying
  3. gaining access
  4. litigation
  5. elections/$
  6. bribery
62
Q

Explain the interest groups strategy of going public.

A

create a favorable climate of public opinion; make people like you

63
Q

Explain the interest groups strategy for lobbying.

A

paid lobbyists talk to politicians; provide info.

64
Q

What does it mean by old lobby?

A

interest groups go straight to congress (politician)

65
Q

What does it mean by new lobby?

A

interest group goes to public and the public goes to politician due to lack of resources

66
Q

What’s grassroots lobbying?

A

interest group using membership to create what appears to be a spontaneous support from the people, but it’s from the leader

67
Q

What are the 3 types of lobbyists?

A
  1. group rep
  2. staff lobbyists
  3. professional
68
Q

What does the group rep. lobbyists do?

A

rep 1 group; goes to washington 1 time for 1 issue

69
Q

What does the staff lobbyists do?

A

rep. 1 group; goes to washington multiple times

70
Q

What does a professional lobbyists do?

A

lives in washington; work for anybody

71
Q

Explain the interest groups strategy for gaining access.

A

lobbyists rewrites parts of a bill with congressman

72
Q

Explain the interest groups strategy for litigation.

A

can sue before agency forms, while agency writes regulations, and if the interest group violates regulation; get judges appointed

73
Q

What does it mean by amicus curiae?

A

friend of the court; not involved in litigation, but in briefs

74
Q

Explain the interest groups strategy for elections/$.

A

give money to politicians; few limits

75
Q

Explain the interest groups strategy for bribery.

A

can still influence politicians but bribery not necessary

76
Q

What are the 3 systems of us foreign policy?

A
  1. maps
  2. anarchy
  3. modified anarchy
77
Q

Explain the anarchy system for US foreign policy.

A

no higher authority; have to max power, but can be a threat to others

78
Q

Explain the modified anarchy system for US foreign policy. What’s an example of modified anarchy?

A

reduce threat perception; concert of Europe (1815-1914)

79
Q

Explain what’s going on during the concert of Europe (1815-1914)?

A

time of peace before ww1; territorial and political status quo preserve (agreement amongst countries)

80
Q

What corresponds with a revisionist? Who’s an example?

A

war; Hitler

81
Q

What were the rules based order during ww2? (3)

A

territorial
economic
individual rules (liberty)

82
Q

Explain the territorial rules based order.

A

can’t invade neighbor

83
Q

Explain the economic rules based order.

A

concerned about growth; decrease tariffs and increase trade to increase growth; went from GATT to WTO

84
Q

What’s unclos? Which on of the rules does it apply to in the rules based order?

A

law of sea treaty; can’t take resources in water surrounding territory
territorial rule

85
Q

What was the purpose of the cold war? What was the result?

A

contain the soviet union; soviet union collapsed

86
Q

What happened post cold war?

A

middle class was destroyed; US “sold soul” to China

87
Q

What’s happening today with China?

A

considered revisionists; violated law of sea treaty

Govt (3 decks)

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