Exam 4 Flashcards
What is considered a core skill to deliver safe and effective care, and allows nurse leaders and managers time to handle more complex activities that require higher levels of expertise
Delegating
What is delegation based on?
Patience needs potential for harm stability of patient’s condition complexity of the task predictability of the outcome
What key principles does delegation require?
Problem-solving skills
Critical thinking skills
Clinical judgment
What can nurses not delegate?
Certain aspects of the nursing process to LPNLVN in UAE example initial assessment
A task that is not in the scope of practice to delegate
Who is the delegator?
Person usually the RN delegating the task must have appropriate qualifications, education and authority to delegate per state nurse practice act
Who is the delegate?
Person to whom the task is being delegated typically other, RN,LPN and UAP
Must also have the appropriate education and skills to carry out the activity
What is professional accountability?
Is an obligation not to abuse trust to be able to justify professional actions
What is organizational accountability?
Involves providing sufficient resources for nurses to effectively and safely provide nursing care
What are nurse leaders and managers accountable for?
Setting the expectations for appropriate delegation
Ensuring that RN LPNs in UAE are aware of individuals roles
Providing safe environment that supports the delegation process
What is authority?
Is the legal rate of an RN to delegate specific task to other RN, or competent LPN or UAP
Is based on the state nurse practice act, and should also be reflected in the nurses description
Using authority, nurse, leaders, and managers must what
Determine how staff resources will be distributed on the unit based on patient needs
Plan implement and evaluate nursing care
What is responsibility
The individuals obligation to perform work competently at the level. The person has been educated.
In responsibility to delegate nurse, leaders, and managers must what
Determine the competence of the delegate and appropriateness of delegation
Supervise and evaluate the performance of the delegate
In responsibility, the delegate must
Except responsibility when he or she agrees to perform a task delegated to them
Is responsible for his own actions
What is supervision?
To provide guidance or direction, oversight evaluation, and follow up
To supervise nurse leaders and managers must
Monitor the delicates performance in a shirt compliance with standards of practice
Adhere to organizational policies and procedures in place to support the nurse delegating the task
What is an assignment?
Distribution of work that each staff member is responsible for during a given period period of time
When assigning task, nurse leaders and managers must
Ensure the activity is within the individual scope of practice
What is prioritization?
Deciding which patient needs or problems require immediate action in which are not urgent and can be addressed at a later time
What can be delegated?
Specified by state, nurse, practice acts regulatory agency guidelines, and institutional policies
Ex.) monitoring patient collecting specimens documenting data.
What cannot be delegated?
Aspects of the nursing process
Performing in assessment
Formulating a nursing diagnosis
Developing and updating a plan of care
Evaluating the patient progress
Communicating with healthcare providers
Implement orders from healthcare providers
Providing teaching to a patient and our family
Evaluating patient status in triage
Who can and cannot be delegated
Erin can delegate to other RNLPN in UAP
LPNs can delegate to a UAP if directed to do so by an RN
LPN cannot assign or delegate to an RN
What can you delegate to a LPN?
Scope of practice, dictated by state nurse, practice act
Can perform all tasks. UAP’s are qualified to do plus other duties.
Duties include monitoring patient’s health status, updating initial assessment performed by RN and reinforcing teaching
What can you delegate to a UAP
Do not hold a license, but maybe be certified
Can provide low risk care that does not require nursing knowledge or nursing judgment
Typically assist patients with activities of daily living, such as bedmaking, bathing, and assisting with dressing
What are the five rights of delegation?
The right task is assigned to the right person under the right circumstance with the RN, providing the right direction/ communication in the right supervision
 what is the right task
A task that can be safely delegated to a specific delegate for a specific patient
Appropriate activities include frequently occur in the daily care of patient patience
Are within the scope of practice of an LPN or UAP
Do not have risks that are predictable or beyond minimal
What is the right circumstance?
Includes the patient setting available resources, and other relevant factors
Nurse leaders and managers must what in the right circumstances
Assess the needs of patient population on the unit/department
Identify collective, nursing care needs priorities and resources
Ensure appropriate staffing and skill mix
Provide sufficient equipment and supplies
What is the right person?
Involves knowing the competency levels of those on the patient care team 
What does the nurse leader and manager do for the right person in delegation?
Establish organizational standards, consistent with the state laws to ensure educational requirements and competencies of RNLPN in UAP
ENSURE COMPETENCY STANDARDS RELATED TO DELEGATION ARE INTEGRATED INTO ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES
Routinely assess performance of RNLPN in UAE
Initiate steps to remedy any failure to meet standards
What is the right direction/communication?
Clear, concise description of task, including its objective limits and expectations
What is situation specific communication?
Specific data to be collected and timelines for reporting
Specific activities to be performed and any patient specific instructions in limitations
What is the right supervision/evaluation
Includes feedback to the delegate, as well as appropriate monitoring, evaluation and intervention
In the delegation process what is assessment in planning?
Specification of knowledge and skills required to accomplish the task
Development of a plan of care with the patient and his or her family
In the delegation process what is communication?
Provision of clear directions to the delegate, including unique patient information and expectations regarding what to do what to report and when to ask for assistance
Inclusion of mindful communication in which those involved are focused on attending to responding to perceiving information
What is surveillance?
Process of observing and staying a tune to the patient status staff per performance, and following up on any problems
What is supervision?
Monitoring the task and of compliance with standards of practice policies and procedures
What is evaluation?
Assessment of the effectiveness of the delegation the outcome in the potential need to modify the plan of care should occur throughout the delegation process
What is feedback?
Review of whether the task was performed correctly, whether the desired patient outcome was achieved and any areas for improvement
Over delegation occurs whe
The workload is more than the delicate can accomplish in the allotted time frame
The RN feels uncomfortable, performing a certain task
Under delegation occurs when
There is failure to transfer authority for a task, or to provide clear direction to the delegate, because the RN fears losing control or authority, feels insecure believes he, or she can accomplish the task quicker, or is inexperienced
What are some delegate related barriers?
Lacking willingness to do the task
Lacking skill or comfort with the skill required for the task
Feeling overworked or perception of an unfair assignment
Feeling physically, unable to do the work
What is leadership and management related barriers to delegation?

Lack of guidelines, that address who can delegate, and what tasks can be delegated
Lack of policies that protect nurses from inappropriate assignments in delegation of inappropriate nursing activities, or responsibilities
For staffing levels
Absence of processes, for validation of competencies for delegation
How can someone break down the barriers of delegation?
Establishment of guidelines, policies, procedures, that support delegation
Inclusion of delegation in the job descriptions of all nursing personnel
What are nurse leaders and managers must do in breaking down barriers of delegation
Fold all staff accountable to principles addressed in the job description
Provide periodic feedback related to the delegation processes
Focus efforts on creating a supportive environment that promotes effective communication and teamwork
What is a plan change?
Is purposeful calculated in collaborative
Includes the deliberate application of change theories
Is usually well received by staff
What is unplanned change?
Occurs when the need for changes is sudden and necessary to manage. Manage a crisis.
Can cause anxiety and stress among staff
To effectively implement change nurse leaders, and managers must
Develop high functioning empowered teams, that know exactly what is expected
Embrace innovation
Use the right, theoretical framework or model for the situation at hand
What is Lewin’s force field model traditional change theory
 based on the belief that change results from two fields of environment forces
Driving forces (helping forces) that attempt to visit, facilitate the change and move it forward
Restraining forces (hindering forces) that attempt to impede change and maintain the status quo
What are the three steps of Lewins force field model traditional change theory
Unfreezing the status quo
Moving toward the new way
Refreezing or stabilizing the change for sustainability
What is lippitts phase of change model traditional change theory
Uses language similar to the nursing process
Focuses more on the people involved in the change process rather than on the change process itself
Stresses the importance of communication and report with those involved in the process
What are the seven steps of lippitts phases of change, model, traditional change theories
Diagnosing the problem
Assessing the motivation, and capacity for change
Assessing the change agents, motivation, and resources
Selecting, progressive change objectives
Choosing an appropriate role for the change agent
Maintaining the change after it has started
Terminating the helping relationship
What is Rogers innovation decision process traditional change theory
Consist of series of actions and choices overtime that an individual or decision-making unit must follow
Recognizes that the common behavioral responses to change individuals may experience can facilitate change
Requires everyone involved with a change, and or affected by the change to be committed to the change
What are the five stages of Rogers innovation decision process traditional change theory
Knowledge
Persuasion
Decision
Implementation
Confirmation 
What is Cotters eighth stage process of creating major change in traditional change theories
Involves a multi step process that overcomes all sources of resistance, and must be directed by high-quality leadership
What are the eight stages of Cotters eight stage process of creating major change in traditional change change theories
Establishing a sense of urgency
Creating the guiding coalition
Developing a vision in strategy
Communicating the change vision
Empowering broad-based action
Generating short term wins
Consolidating gains and producing more change
In anchoring new approaches in the culture
What are emerging change theories?
Cyclical rather than linear, and require organizations to react with speed and flexibility
Include new theories based on complexity, science, which recognizes that the world is a continual motion, and that a change in one area can result in numerous changes in other areas 
What is chaos theory in emerging change theories
Is non-linear and unpredictable
Explains why a small change in one area can have a large effect across an organization (butterfly effect)
Using the chaos theory, nurse leaders, and managers must
Be aware of the complexity of healthcare of the unit in organization
Understand the decisions made can result in changes that are unintended
What is the learning organization theory in emerging change theories?
Requires all staff to be involved in a problem-solving and implementing change in innovation
What are the five disciplines in the learning organization theory of emerging change theories
Thinking
Personal mastery
Mental models
Building shared vision
Team learning
Using the learning organization theory, nurse leaders, and managers must
Help staff see the larger system to build understanding of complex problems
Enable staff to develop long-term changes and work together to impact the whole system 
Who is the who of change?
The key stakeholder related to the work to be changed
Patients and families employees communities
What is the Y of change?
A reasonable rationale for the change
What is the what of change?
The actual change or innovation being implemented
When is the when of change?
The point at which to start the change process, and how long it will take to achieve the change
What is the how of change?
The techniques or processes needed for successful and sustainable change
A change agent must
Lead and manage the change process
Gather data necessary to identify a problem that needs to be changed
Set goals and objectives for the change and development plan
Identify those who will be affected by the change in include them in the process
To help staff, cope with change, nurse, managers, and leaders must
Anticipate human responses to change and include strategies to manage the responses in the plan
Make sure the rationale for the changes is clear and allows. Staff verbalized concerns.
Provide feedback on a regular basis
In power staff throughout the change process
What is the normative reeducative strategy
Focuses on the relationship needs of staff, uses peer pressure and relies on staff desires to have satisfactory work relationships
Is used when some resistance is expected, but there is belief that staff will succumb to peer pressure
What is the empirical rationale strategy?
Assumes that staff are essentially self-interest
Believes providing information and education will assist staff in changing behavior and adopting the change or innovation
Is used when minimal resistance is expected
What is the power coercive strategy?
Based on power and authority and assumes staff will respond to authority and threats of job loss
Use when resistance is expected, but change will be implemented, regardless of how the majority feels
What are the innovators?
First 2.5% of people to adopt change, also known as venturesome willing to take risk
What are the early adapters?
Next 13.5% to adapt change more disconcerting when choosing to adopt an innovation
What is the early majority?
Next 34% to adapt the change known to be deliberate
What is the late majority?
Next 34% to adopt the change skeptical and reluctant to adopt an innovation
What is laggards
Final 16% to adapt the change stuck in the past traditions
How does one manage conflict
A little conflict can result in organizational growth
Too much conflict can paralyze an organization or unit
What can unmanaged conflict do?
Interfere with the ability of staff to work together
Result and decreased staff morale and increased turnover
Negatively impact, patient care and increase healthcare cost
Nurse leaders and managers must want an unmanaged conflict
Strive to manage manage or resolve conflict
Role model, effective conflict management for staff
Encourage staff to confront conflict and not avoid or withdrawal
What is intrapersonal conflict?
An internal conflict or conflict coming from within a person or an issue or situation that creates a sense of discomfort within
Can affect others on the unit and result in interpersonal conflict
What is interpersonal conflict?
Occurs when there is a disagreement between two or more people
Can be related to differing values, ethics, goals, or beliefs
Very common in the workplace
What is intergroup conflict?
Occurs between groups of people
Very common in the workplace
What is organizational conflict?
Occurs when there is a disagreement between staff and organizational policies and procedures, standards, or changes being made
What is avoiding in conflict management strategies?
Withdrawing or hiding from the conflict not always effective may just postpone the conflict
What is accommodating and conflict management strategies?
Sacrificing one’s own needs or goals and trying to satisfy another’s desires needs or goals not usually effective
What is competing in conflict management strategies?
Pursuing one’s own needs desires or goals at the expensive others can result in aggression
What is compromising in conflict management strategies?
Everyone giving something up and everyone getting something they want in return usually effective
What is collaborating in conflict management strategies?
Involving a shared approach to resolve, conflict, time-consuming, but most effective
What is the role of the nurse, leader and manager in addressing conflict?
To deal with conflict in a way that will manage the issue at hand will maintaining positive relationships
To establish open communication, employee, active, listening skills
To engage all staff as a team to create a safe quality patient outcomes
To encourage positive interactions amongst staff and healthcare providers as a part of healthy work environment
To mediate when interpersonal or intergroup conflict occurs
To avoid criticizing or passing judgment on others, opinions,
To identify conflict work with those involved to manage and resolve the issues and move on

What is negotiation?
The art of making choices and offering other benefits that they will want in order to get what they need in return in involuntary and consensual manner
What are the four key principles of negotiation?
Separating people from the problem
Focusing on interest, not positions
Inventing options for mutual gains
Insisting on objective criteria
In the legal aspect of nursing practice, nurses at all levels must
Engage in responsible and accountable nursing practice
Have the authority, accountability and responsibility to make decisions that result in safe quality and Evans based nursing practice
Adhere to the scope standards of nursing practice and legal and regulatory agencies
Have complete understanding of the minimum standards of clinical practice, the requirements of licensure regulations that impact, nursing and federal and state legislations
Ensure their nursing staff have the knowledge skills and attitudes necessary to perform their professional responsibilities
What are the foundational resources that inform clinical decision-making in guide professional nursing practices in the United States?
Nursing social policy statement, the essence of the profession
Nursing scope and standards of practice
Nurse, practice act of the state in which a nurse practices
ANA code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statement
What is nursing social policy statement?
Describes the role of professional, nursing in society and healthcare
Provides an overview of the essence of nursing practice
Identifies the professions, active leadership role related to social concerns
In the nursing social policy statement, nurse, leaders, and managers use this resource to
Reinforce the concepts of autonomy incompetence the scope and standards of nursing practice in the nursing process
Develop the unit vision, mission in philosophy as well as strategic planning
The nursing scope and standards of practice does what
Delineates the professional scope in standards of practice and responsibilities of all RNs in all settings
Serves as a basis for quality improvement systems
Development and evaluation of nursing services delivery systems in organizational structures
Establishment of the legal standards of care
In the nursing scope and standards of practice, nurse, leaders and managers, use this resource to
Ensure staff provide safe, incompetent care
What is your licensure?
Process by which board of nursing grant permission to an individual to engage in nursing practice after the applicant has met the necessary competencies
Mandatory in US
Assure the public that those calling themselves nurses have met regulatory standards of specific to the profession
Holds nurses who violate nurse, practice and standards of practice accountable for their actions, and ensure that foreign educated nurses have met US standards
What is regulation?
Insures members act in the Publix best interest when providing nursing care
What is professional regulation?
Oversight, monitoring, and controlling of members based on principles, guidelines, and rules, deemed standard in the profession
What is self regulation?
Personal accountability for one’s professional nursing practice, based on those same principles guidelines and rules
What is legal regulation?
Oversight and monitoring, based on applicable statues in regulations, such as licensure, nursing, practice act, civil law, and criminal law
What is the state nurse practice act?
They are enacted in all states and territories of the United States through state or provincial legislature
They establish a board of nursing that has the authority to develop rules and regulations to clarify the law
The state nurse practice acts include what
Education program standards
Requirements for licensure
Types of titles and licenses
Scope and standards of nursing practice
Grounds for disciplinary actions, other violations, impossible remedies
What is the national consult of state boards of nursing?
Is responsible for promoting uniformity of nursing regulation
Consist of board of nursing members from United States, District of Columbia, and certain US territories
Provides an organization through which state boards of nursing, collaborate on nursing regulations to promote public health, safety and welfare
Maintains a national database on disciplinary actions taken against nurses
What are the state boards of nursing do?
Protect the public by enforcing nurse practice, acts to promote safe, competent, nursing care
Enforce the states, nurse, practice act and nurse licensure
The nursing education programs
Develop practice standards, policies, and administrative rules and regulations
Address, violations of the nursing practice act
What is health insurance portability and accountability act HIPAA
Was enacted in 1996 to improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage
Protects all identifiable, health information, or protected health information which includes
Information that relates to an individuals past present or future, physical or mental health or condition
Provision of healthcare to the individual
Past present, or future payment for the provision of healthcare to the individual
A HIPAA violation occurs when the PHI is inappropriately, used or disclosed to who
A person not involved in the patient’s care
A person who does not require the information to provide care
A situation where disclosure is not in the patient’s best interest
What is the patient self-determination act PDSA
Ensures that healthcare organizations inform patients about their rights and their institutional policies to accept or refuse treatment, and to prepare advanced directives
Promotes patients as active participants in healthcare decisions, thus in increasing patient autonomy
Requires institutions to provide educational programs and advanced directives for their staff and communities
Prohibits staff from conditioning, the provision of care or discriminating against individuals and other ways because they do or do not have advanced directives
What is the safe medical devices act SMDA?
Requires healthcare agencies to report the US food and drug administration, serious injuries, illnesses, or death, resulting from the use of a medical device
Requires healthcare agencies to report to the FDA within 10 days of the event
What is a nurses responsibility related to an incident involving a medical device in the safe medical devices act
Discontinue the use of the device immediately
Follow your agencies policies related to equipment use
Document the incident accurately in the medical record on an incident report, or any agency specific form
What is the good Samaritan laws?
Encourage healthcare professionals to render care and emergencies
Protect anyone who renders care during an emergency or disaster, or at the scene of an accident
Proof necessary, because healthcare professionals are not legally obligated to render care to a stranger in emergency
What is a disclosure statues?
Require disclosure of health related information to appropriate government agencies to protect the public
Protect healthcare providers from liability, if they report suspected child abuse or neglect in good faith, but an investigation determines the report is groundless
Sometimes require mandatory reporting of suspected abuse of dependent adults and older adults
Require report of some communicable diseases and sexually transmitted diseases to local or state public health officials
What are employment laws?
Protect employees from unfair treatment, discrimination, and unsafe work conditions
Include age, discrimination, and employment act of 1967
Americans with disability act of 1990
Emergency medical treatment in labor act of 1986
Family and medical leave act of 1993
What is the contract law?
Creates an obligation for a person to do or not to do something and creates enforceable rights or legal duties
What is the criminal law?
Is related to conduct that is harmful to society as a whole, as well as an individual victim
Is classified as either a misdemeanor or a felony
What is civil law?
Is enforced through the courts as damages or monetary compensation
Has its foundation tort law, including intentional towards quasi, intentional torts In unintentional tort
What is negligence?
A deviation from the standard behavior or action that is an average prudent person would use in a similar situation
What is malpractice?
Address is a professional standard of care
Presents a deviation from the standard of care that is reasonably prudent, healthcare professional would use in a similar situation
What is duty owed the patient?
A nurse is obligation to deliver care according to the established standards
What is breach of the duty owed to the patient?
A nurses obligation to deliver care according to a standard of care that is reasonably prudent nurse, under similar circumstances would use
What is foreseeabilty of harm?
My nurses obligation to have knowledge about the stand of care, and understand that the failure to meet the standard may result in harm or injury
What is causation?
A breach of duty owed to the patient that results in an injury to the patient
What is injury or harm?
Some type of physical injury that results from the breach of duty
What is failure to assess and monitor?
Failure to be accurate and assessing monitoring and reporting changes in health status
What is failure to follow standards of care?
Failure to follow standards of care or hospital policies
What is failure to communicate?
Failure to listen to a patient and act on his or her concerns or failure to ensure effective teaching of self-care or discharge instructions
What is failure to document?
Failure to document, pertinent assessment, information, or patients response to nursing intervention
What is failure to act as a patient’s advocate?
Failure to act on incompetent, practice questions illegible medical orders, or provide a safe environment for patients
What is failure to use equipment in a responsible manner?
Failure to handle equipment in a safe manner, including knowing how equipment functions in following manufacturers guidelines
What is liability?
Refers to the nurses responsibility for a possible or actual loss, penalty burden, or expense that the law requires the nurse to compensate the victim
What is a respondent superior
Hold employers accountable for the negligent actions of employees or vicarious liability
What does liability include the following negligent actions?
Failure to orient, educate and evaluate
Inappropriate assigning of staff and failure to supervise
Unsafe staff
Negligent retention practice
Failure to warn
What is professional liability insurance?
Protect nurses against lawsuits, related to alleged errors that occur while delivering nursing care
Can result in payment for the cost of legal advice and representation payment for court cost settlement and reimbursement for loss wages incurred during a mail pack trial
Provides coverage by an individual insurance policy under an institutional policy, or as a member of a group such as a nurse owned corporation
Limits protection of the nurse to only activities performed within the scope of employment
What is an advanced directive?
Provides information about a persons desires, if he or she is unable to make healthcare decisions
What is a living will
Illegal document that details, a persons wishes regarding healthcare treatments and procedures, in the event that the person is incapacitated and facing the end of life
What is a do not resuscitate DNR
Indicates the life sustaining measures, that should be withheld in the event of impending death
What is a durable power of attorney for healthcare
Illegal document that identifies a healthcare surrogate designated to make healthcare decisions for an incapacitated person
What is confidentiality and information security
Every patient has an ethical and legal right to privacy and confidentiality
Nurses have an obligation to what in confidentiality and information security
Respect patient’s privacy and confidentiality
Address any breach of confidentiality and privacy immediately
Understand the nature, benefits and consequences of participating in social networking
Enforce organizational policies and procedures related to social media and networking
What is informed consent?
Represents the patient’s autonomous decision to accept or refuse healthcare
Legal process by which a patient or legal representative voluntarily gives permission for treatment or procedure
Mandates that the patient must be given information in terms he or she understands alternatives to the plan, procedure and related risks and benefits to all options
What is the nurses duties regarding informed consent?
Verify that the healthcare provider gave the patient the necessary information to make an informed consent
Ensure the patient understands the information and procedure or treatment
Document the informed consent process
What is professional socialization?
Encompasses the process by which students learned the art in science of nursing, internalize, the values, attitudes, cultures, and goals of the profession, and develop a sense of professional identity
How does one prepare a strategic career plan?
Develops specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely or smart goals
Identify specific, action steps, necessary to meet each goal and set a timeline for completing each step
Take inventory of available resources, considering who, and what will implement each step
Identify the indicators of success
Review and revise personal and professional circumstances change
What is the transition to practice? TPP programs
Ensure successful transition from the academic setting to the practice setting
Integrate, education, practice and regulations for successful transition from a classroom to the clinical practice setting and beyond
Can reduce turnover rates in the first year of practice and promote growth in clinical decision-making in leadership skills
Result in substantial improvement in quality quality and safety outcomes, as well as self reported stress competence, its job satisfaction
What is a preceptor
Ensures that new nurse graduate, expands his or her basic nursing education and further develops the knowledge skills and attitudes necessary to function completely in the nursing position
What is a mentor?
An experience individual who may or may not be a nurse, willing to maintain a long-term relationship with a new nurse graduate throughout her professional career, professional care
Should be easy to communicate with with, and willing to commit to the mentoring relationship
Should inspire and challenge the new nurse to a high-level of professionalism
What is competence?
Requires performing at an expected level that integrates knowledge, skills, attitudes, and nursing judgment
Affects the safety and quality of care, as well as one self-respect, self-esteem and meaningfulness of work
What is continuing education or becoming a lifelong learner
Often provided by hospitals, community agencies, professional organizations, and professional meetings
Can be in various formats, including face-to-face online, self study conference, workshops, and seminars
Accreditation by the American nurse, credentialing center of continuing education programs and courses
May be earned through university and college coursework
What is a specialty certification?
Validate specific knowledge, skills, and attitude, demonstrated by a nurse in a specialized area of practice
Demonstrates responsibility for one’s own practice in commitment to increasing one’s knowledge and nursing specialty
Improves patient safety outcomes, and his positive impact on staff patient in the organization
What is an advanced degree?
Results in lower mortality rates, fewer medication errors and better patient outcomes
Help to provide safe quality care system in the current future complex healthcare system
Must be out by nurse, managers and leaders
Should be spearheaded by initiatives to establish or increased tuition reimbursement programs for nurses with a desire to return for school
What is self-care?
Taking care of one’s own health and safety, avoiding the unhealthy cycle of putting others before oneself, lacking self-care link to increased risk of errors memory deficits, impaired mood miscommunication in overall poor performance
What is a plausible future?
What may occur based on current and projected trends
What is a probable future?
What will likely occur in actually reflects the present state with minimal changes
What is a possible future
What may be considering all possible scenarios that occur?
What is a preferable future?
Which should be, and begins with a vision and broad map to get there
What is the future of nursing?
Lifelong learning through formal and informal education
Ability to implement practice, changes rapidly and well
Focus on outcomes and process improvements to influence the direction of healthcare
Recognition that patient and patient’s family must be the center of care
Partnership with other healthcare professionals to improve patient care through teamwork and collaboration
