Exam 4

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Intensity of an individual’s desire to participate in an activity. Forces account for the direction, level, & persistence of an individual’s effort

Question 2

Direction

Question 3

Level

Question 4

Persistance

Question 5

Theories of motivation

Answer 5

Learning/reinforcement-based, content need-based, process-based

Question 6

Learning Reinforcement Approach

Answer 6

changing or modifying behavior through the use of contingent rewards or punishment.

Question 7

Two principles of Learning/Reinforcement Approach

Answer 7

Behavior that appears to lead a positive consequence tends to be repeated and behavior that appears to lead to a negative consequence tends not to be repeated.

Question 8

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 8

reward given when desired behavior occurs.

Question 9

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 9

the removal of negative consequences

Question 10

Punishment

Answer 10

the administration of negative consequences or the withdrawal of positive consequences

Question 11

Law of Contingent Reinforcement

Answer 11

only reward if desired behavior is exhibited

Question 12

Law of Immediate Reinforcement

Answer 12

reward as soon as possible

Question 13

Content/Need-Based Approach

Question 14

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 14

Individuals have five increasingly higher-level needs: physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization.

Question 15

ERG Theory

Answer 15

three categories: existence, relatedness, and growth possible to pursue two things as once

Question 16

Acquired Needs Theory

Answer 16

Affiliation, power, and achievement are most important.

Question 17

Process Approach

Answer 17

cokes from the way we think about things

Question 18

Equity thoery

Answer 18

Assumes that people have a need for fairness at work

Question 19

Predicted responses

Answer 19

1. Change Inputs
2. Change Outcomes
3. Leave the Situation
4. Change comparison points
5. Psychologically distort the comparison
6. Change the inputs or outcomes of others

Question 20

Goal-Setting Theory
(Process-based)

Answer 20

Specific challenging goals result in significantly higher performance compared to easy or “do your best” goals.

Question 21

Factors Influence the effectiveness of goals:

Answer 21

1. Goal Commitment
2. Feedback
3. Ability
4. Opportunity
5. Participation

Question 22

Expectancy Theory

Answer 22

A person’s motivation to exert a certain level of effort is a function: Expectancy, Instrumentality, Valence/Value