Exam 4

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Psychological state that combines feelings, thoughts (cognition, and physiological arousal

Question 2

Mood

Answer 2

A prolonged, consistent feeling state, eithers positive or negative, similar to emotion but doesn’t have cognitive component (no thinking pattern or thoughts), not strongly related to facial expression, usually effected by movies, music, etc.

Question 3

Emotion to body

Answer 3

Body’s adaptive response

Question 4

Theories of emotion

Answer 4

Try to analyze conscious experience (thoughts), feelings, and physiological activation

Question 5

James-Lange Theory

Answer 5

Physiological activity precedes the emotional experience, opposite to common view
- Sight of oncoming car, theory says that you get arousal with a pounding heart and fear kicks in as the emotion

Question 6

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 6

Questioned James-Lange theory and proposed emotion-triggering stimulus and body’s arousal are simultaneous

Question 7

Two-Factor Theory

Answer 7

Most popular, emotions have two factors - physical arousal and cognitive label, either one could be activated
- Spillover effect supporting two-factor, shaky suspension bridge walked on and saw a lady and they rated her more attractive compared to control group,
Shows how humans can be easily confused as we usually associate arousal with emotional experience, ex. roller coaster on a date

Question 8

Physiological similarities

Answer 8

Physiological responses are similar across emotions of fear, anger, and sexual arousal, ex. increased heart rate, heavy breath, sweating, etc.

Question 9

Cognition and emotion

Answer 9

Cognition can define emotion, arousal response to one event spills over to response in next event, ex. winning a game and being happy when talking with friends a moment later

Question 10

Cognition and emotion opposite view

Answer 10

Does not always precede emotion, subliminal priming, our brain is also seeing what our eyes see, emotions are felt directly through amygdala
- Subliminally (128th of a second) presented happy face (didn’t know they saw it) but feelings of happiness were reported
- Subliminally presented fearful face and feelings of fear were reported

Question 11

Embodied cognition

Answer 11

Using same muscle group that is used to smile can cause participants to smile and feel happy
- Balancing pen on top of your mouth causes you to feel happy
Overall, emotion can be influenced very easily

Question 12

Izard (1977)

Answer 12

Identified 10 emotions found across almost all animals, excluding guilt

Question 13

Individualistic cultures (self-based) and emotion

Answer 13

People are encouraged to express emotions both positive and even negative

Question 14

Collectivistic cultures (group harmony) and emotion

Answer 14

People are encouraged to express positivity but negative emotions are extremely discouraged and may result in consequences for some

Question 15

Western culture

Answer 15

Maximize positive emotion as it displays self-achievement, and minimize negative emotions

Question 16

Darwin (1872)

Answer 16

Ability to communicate via facial expression can improve organism’s chance of survival

Question 17

Detecting emotion

Answer 17

Crowds of faces and an individual with an angry face are spotted easier than other facial expressions

Question 18

Gender and emotion

Answer 18

Women were better at developing an emotion correlated to what the emotional response should be