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Bio Sci 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against:

A

bacteria

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2
Q

More than half of our antibiotics are produced by:

A

bacteria

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3
Q

True or false
Penicillin G was isolated from bacterium of the genus Streptomyces.

A

False

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4
Q

In what way semisynthetic and natural penicillins are alike?

A

Both have β-lactam ring in its structure

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5
Q

What is false about drug resistance

A

its found only in gram -

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6
Q

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for use against fungal infections?

A

nystatin

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7
Q

What does NOT affect eukaryotic cells?

A

semisynthetic penicillins

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8
Q

What is phage therapy?

A

The use of viruses to kill bacteria

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9
Q

What is NOT true about septicemia

A

It is caused by bacteria being present in the blood or lymph

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10
Q

Which of the following are Gram-positive bacteria?
1. Bacillus
2. Staphylococcus
3. Streptococcus

A

All

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?
1. malaria
2. plague
3. tickborne typhus
4. scarlet fever

A

malaria

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12
Q

Human-to-human transmission of Plague is usually by:

A

the respiratory route

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13
Q

A characteristic symptom of Bubonic plague is:

A

swollen lymph nodes

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14
Q

What is considered a zoonosis?

A

Syphilis

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15
Q

Most dangerous form of anthrax infection:

A

pulmonary anthrax

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16
Q

Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes can cause all of the following EXCEPT:

A

buboes

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17
Q

What about mycoplasmal pneumonia is FALSE?

A

treatment with Penicillin G

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18
Q

Tuberculosis is caused by

A

Gram-positive bacteria

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19
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?

A

diarrhea

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20
Q

The most effective means of preventing influenza is:

A

annual vaccination

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21
Q

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A

Corynebacterium

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22
Q

A patient has a severe cough due to mucus accumulation and is suspected to have pertussis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A

Bordetella

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?
1. Chlamydia
2. Neisseria
3. Influenza virus
4. Rickettsia

A

Neisseria

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24
Q

Mycoplasma infection causes:

A

Walking pneumonia

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25
Q

True or false
A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis.

A

False

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26
Q

True or false
Treponema pallidum is a causative agent of Syphilis.

A

True

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27
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted pathogen?
1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2. Treponema pallidum
3.Chlamydia trachomatis
4. Varicella-Zoster

A

Varicella-Zoster

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28
Q

What organisms would MOST likely be sensitive to natural penicillin?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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29
Q

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae – Gram-positive

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30
Q

Which statement is correct concerning penicillin?
1. it inhibits protein synthesis
2.it functions as an enzyme to cleave cell wall peptidoglycan
3. it acts on the cytoplasmic membrane
4.it prevents formation of lipopolysaccharide
5.it prevents crosslinking of peptidoglycan strands

A

it prevents crosslinking of peptidoglycan strands

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31
Q

Anthrax comes from what bacteria

A

Bacillus anthracis

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32
Q

Lyme disease comes from what bacteria

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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33
Q

Bubonic Plaque comes from what bacteria

A

Yersinia pestis

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34
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever comes from what bacteria

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

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35
Q

Malaria comes from

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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36
Q

True or False
Bacteria are generally 1-2 micrometer in size.

37
Q

Which one of the following is incorrect about viruses?

1.can have either RNA or DNA genome (but never both)
2.use host cellular machinery for replication
3.not cells
4.are usually visible under a standard light microscope

A

are usually visible under a standard light microscope

38
Q

Which of the following have a membrane enclosed nucleus?
3. archaeal cell
1. bacterial cell
2 and 3
2. yeast cell
1 and 3

A

yeast cell

39
Q

True or False
Peptidoglycan is part of the cell wall of all living cells.

40
Q

Which one of the following is incorrect about bacteria?
lack nucleus
peptidoglycan cell wall
binary fission
contain mitochondria

A

contain mitochondria

41
Q

Cell wall of a Gram-negative bacterial cell consists of:
cytoplasmic membrane and thick layer of peptidoglycan
thin layer of peptidoglycan between cytoplasmic and outer membranes
cytoplasmic membrane and thin layer of peptidoglycan
cytoplasmic membrane only

A

thin layer of peptidoglycan between cytoplasmic and outer membranes

42
Q

Which of the statements regarding enzymes is false?
Enzymes are specific
Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts
Enzyme activity can be regulated
Enzymes increase an activation energy of reactions

A

enzymes increase an activation energy of reactions

43
Q

True or False
During the aerobic metabolism of glucose to CO2, the process that produces the most ATP for the cell is oxidative phosphorylation.

44
Q

True or False
During aerobic respiration of glucose, the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen.

45
Q

True or False
In the molecule ATP, useful energy for the cell is stored in carbon-carbon bonds.

46
Q

True or False
Most bacteria reproduce by binary fission.

47
Q

RNA is made of:
amino acids
ribonucleotides
lipids
deoxyribonucleotides

A

Ribonucleotides

48
Q

Which molecules are composed of a chain of amino acids?
RNA
DNA
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids

49
Q

Transcription followed by translation are the steps of:
transduction
conjugation
gene expression
replication

A

gene expression

50
Q

Ribosomes are made of:
proteins and RNA
RNA, DNA and proteins
RNA only
Nucleic acid, proteins, and lipids

A

RNA and proteins

51
Q

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?
Viruses have genes
Viruses contain a protein coat
Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both
Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes

A

Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes

52
Q

Phagocytic cells of the immune system are:

all of these are phagocytic cells
neutrophils
macrophages
dendritic cells

53
Q

Which of the following makes IgG antibodies?
monocyte
neutrophil
B cell
Plasma B cell
basophil

A

plasma B cell

54
Q

IgG antibodies:
first produced during initial infection
most abundant in blood
pentamers
present in mother’s milk
promote allergies

A

most abundant in blood

55
Q

Lymphocytes involved in “cell-mediated” adaptive response are:
B cells
macrophages
T cells
neutrophils

56
Q

Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE?
it is transmitted by direct contact
it is caused by papillomaviruses
it can lead to cervical cancer in women
lesions are always precancerous

A

lesions are always precancerous

57
Q

An example of a latent viral infection is:
genital herpes
smallpox
flu
rhinovirus infection
rabies

A

genital herpes

58
Q

Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the:
small intestine and large intestine
stomach
stomach and small intestine
mouth

A

small and large intestine

59
Q

Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries?
crevicular fluid
sucrose
lactic acid
lysozyme

A

lactic acid

60
Q

Streptococcus mutants that cause dental caries are:
Gram +
Gram -

61
Q

Periodontitis (and possible Alzheimer’s) is caused by:
Candida albicans
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Rickettsia ricketsii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus

A

porphyromonas gingivalis

62
Q

Shigella species are a common cause of gastrointestinal ________.
intoxications
infections

A

infections

63
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of gastrointestinal _________.
infections
intoxications

A

intoxications

64
Q

The most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea is:
Salmonella enterica
Helicobacter pylori
Escherichia coli
Shigella species

65
Q

Salmonella typhi is a causative agent of:
Botulism
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Shigellosis

A

Typhoid fever

66
Q

How Dysentery is different from Diarrhea?
it is a severe diarrhea
all of the above
usually due to infection of the large intestine
mucus and blood can be present in the stools

67
Q

“Rice water” stools and dehydration are characteristic of:
bacillary dysentery
amebic dysentery
cholera
salmonellosis

68
Q

Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with:
antitoxin
penicillin
quinacrine
water and electrolytes
thorough cooking

A

water and electrolytes

69
Q

Intestinal flu is caused by
flu virus
rotavirus
Escherichia coli
coronavirus
rhinovirus

70
Q

Helicobacter pylori is responsible for:
dysentery
peptic ulcer disease
pneumonia
cholera

A

peptic ulcer disease

71
Q

Enzyme urase:
secreted by Helicobacter pylori
all is correct
important for Helicobacter pylori survival in the stomach
involved in neutralization of stomach HCl

A

all is correct

72
Q

Disease caused by fecal-oral transmission are:
all of these are transmitted by fecal-oral route
Shigellosis
Typhoid fever
Hepatitis A
Cholera

A

all of these

73
Q

Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by:
biological vectors
contaminated food and water
unpasteurized milk
exposure to contaminated soil

A

contaminated food and water

74
Q

Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver?
Salmonella enterica
Vibrio cholerae
Escherichia coli
Shigella spp.
Hepatitis A virus

A

hepatitis A virus

75
Q

Infection of the brain is also called:
meningitis
encephalitis
hepatitis
colitis

A

encephalitis

76
Q

Bacterial encephalitis difficult to treat because:
-the infections move along peripheral nerves
-antibiotics damage nervous tissue
-many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier
-no medications exist for treatment of these infections
-it is very difficult to determine the causative microbe

A

many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier

77
Q

All of the following can directly cause meningitis EXCEPT:
Neisseria meningitidis
Mycobacterium leprae
Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Mycobacterium leprae

78
Q

Arboviruses cause ________ and are transmitted by ________.
encephalitis; mosquitoes
encephalitis; dog bites
meningitis; mosquitoes
both meningitis and encephalitis; mosquitoes
meningitis; bee stings

A

encephalitis; mosquitoes

79
Q

Which of the following statements about rabies is FALSE?
-it is caused by Lyssavirus
-results in formation of Negri bodies in infected neurons
-most infections in the U.S. are the result of bites from infected dogs
-virus infects the cells of the nervous system
-diagnosis is based on immunofluorescent techniques

A

most infections in the U.S. are the result of bites from infected dogs

80
Q

Botulism and Tetanus is caused by a member of which genus?
Clostridium
Mycobacterium
Vibrio
Bacillus
Lactobacillus

A

clostridium

81
Q

Tetanus and Botulism toxins are “AB toxins”. Which of the following describes the enzymatic activity of tetanus toxin and of botulism toxin?
reverse transcriptase
DNA ligase
protease
ATPase
beta-galactosidase

82
Q

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
-rabies virus – destroys cells of the CNS
-botulism – stimulates transmission of nerve impulse
-poliomyelitis – multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine
-tetanus – releases potent neurotoxin
-leprosy – deformation of nose and hands can occur

A

botulism – stimulates transmission of nerve impulse

83
Q

A pathologist detects Negri bodies while examining a brain section taken at autopsy. What was the cause of death?
bacterial meningitis
poliomyelitis
Hansen’s disease
viral encephalitis
rabies

84
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes infection may cause:
warts
erysipelas
scaled skin syndrome
otitis

A

erysipelas

85
Q

Exfoliative toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for:
scalded skin syndrome
impetigo
otitis externa
fever blisters

A

scalded skin syndrome

86
Q

Tinea pedis infection results in:
warts
diaper rash
ringworm disease
rabies

A

ringworm disease

87
Q

A 65-year-old woman has a red, raised rash on the inside of her thighs. Stained skin scrapings show large budding cells with pseudo-hyphae. The infection is caused by:
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida albicans
Varicella-Zoster virus
Herpes simplex virus
Streptococcus pyogenes

A

candida albicans

Bio Sci 101 (1 decks)

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