Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against:
A
bacteria
2
Q
More than half of our antibiotics are produced by:
A
bacteria
3
Q
True or false
Penicillin G was isolated from bacterium of the genus Streptomyces.
A
False
4
Q
In what way semisynthetic and natural penicillins are alike?
A
Both have β-lactam ring in its structure
5
Q
What is false about drug resistance
A
its found only in gram -
6
Q
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for use against fungal infections?
A
nystatin
7
Q
What does NOT affect eukaryotic cells?
A
semisynthetic penicillins
8
Q
What is phage therapy?
A
The use of viruses to kill bacteria
9
Q
What is NOT true about septicemia
A
It is caused by bacteria being present in the blood or lymph
10
Q
Which of the following are Gram-positive bacteria?
1. Bacillus
2. Staphylococcus
3. Streptococcus
A
All
11
Q
Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?
1. malaria
2. plague
3. tickborne typhus
4. scarlet fever
A
malaria
12
Q
Human-to-human transmission of Plague is usually by:
A
the respiratory route
13
Q
A characteristic symptom of Bubonic plague is:
A
swollen lymph nodes
14
Q
What is considered a zoonosis?
A
Syphilis
15
Q
Most dangerous form of anthrax infection:
A
pulmonary anthrax
16
Q
Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes can cause all of the following EXCEPT:
A
buboes
17
Q
What about mycoplasmal pneumonia is FALSE?
A
treatment with Penicillin G
18
Q
Tuberculosis is caused by
A
Gram-positive bacteria
19
Q
Which one of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?
A
diarrhea
20
Q
The most effective means of preventing influenza is:
A
annual vaccination
21
Q
The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A
Corynebacterium
22
Q
A patient has a severe cough due to mucus accumulation and is suspected to have pertussis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A
Bordetella
23
Q
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?
1. Chlamydia
2. Neisseria
3. Influenza virus
4. Rickettsia
A
Neisseria
24
Q
Mycoplasma infection causes:
A
Walking pneumonia
25
True or false
A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis.
False
26
True or false
Treponema pallidum is a causative agent of Syphilis.
True
27
Which one of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted pathogen?
1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2. Treponema pallidum
3.Chlamydia trachomatis
4. Varicella-Zoster
Varicella-Zoster
28
What organisms would MOST likely be sensitive to natural penicillin?
Streptococcus pyogenes
29
Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae – Gram-positive
30
Which statement is correct concerning penicillin?
1. it inhibits protein synthesis
2.it functions as an enzyme to cleave cell wall peptidoglycan
3. it acts on the cytoplasmic membrane
4.it prevents formation of lipopolysaccharide
5.it prevents crosslinking of peptidoglycan strands
it prevents crosslinking of peptidoglycan strands
31
Anthrax comes from what bacteria
Bacillus anthracis
32
Lyme disease comes from what bacteria
Borrelia burgdorferi
33
Bubonic Plaque comes from what bacteria
Yersinia pestis
34
Rocky Mountain spotted fever comes from what bacteria
Rickettsia rickettsii
35
Malaria comes from
Plasmodium falciparum
36
True or False
Bacteria are generally 1-2 micrometer in size.
True
37
Which one of the following is incorrect about viruses?
1.can have either RNA or DNA genome (but never both)
2.use host cellular machinery for replication
3.not cells
4.are usually visible under a standard light microscope
are usually visible under a standard light microscope
38
Which of the following have a membrane enclosed nucleus?
3. archaeal cell
1. bacterial cell
2 and 3
2. yeast cell
1 and 3
yeast cell
39
True or False
Peptidoglycan is part of the cell wall of all living cells.
False
40
Which one of the following is incorrect about bacteria?
lack nucleus
peptidoglycan cell wall
binary fission
contain mitochondria
contain mitochondria
41
Cell wall of a Gram-negative bacterial cell consists of:
cytoplasmic membrane and thick layer of peptidoglycan
thin layer of peptidoglycan between cytoplasmic and outer membranes
cytoplasmic membrane and thin layer of peptidoglycan
cytoplasmic membrane only
thin layer of peptidoglycan between cytoplasmic and outer membranes
42
Which of the statements regarding enzymes is false?
Enzymes are specific
Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts
Enzyme activity can be regulated
Enzymes increase an activation energy of reactions
enzymes increase an activation energy of reactions
43
True or False
During the aerobic metabolism of glucose to CO2, the process that produces the most ATP for the cell is oxidative phosphorylation.
True
44
True or False
During aerobic respiration of glucose, the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen.
True
45
True or False
In the molecule ATP, useful energy for the cell is stored in carbon-carbon bonds.
False
46
True or False
Most bacteria reproduce by binary fission.
True
47
RNA is made of:
amino acids
ribonucleotides
lipids
deoxyribonucleotides
Ribonucleotides
48
Which molecules are composed of a chain of amino acids?
RNA
DNA
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
proteins
49
Transcription followed by translation are the steps of:
transduction
conjugation
gene expression
replication
gene expression
50
Ribosomes are made of:
proteins and RNA
RNA, DNA and proteins
RNA only
Nucleic acid, proteins, and lipids
RNA and proteins
51
Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?
Viruses have genes
Viruses contain a protein coat
Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both
Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes
Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes
52
Phagocytic cells of the immune system are:
all of these are phagocytic cells
neutrophils
macrophages
dendritic cells
all
53
Which of the following makes IgG antibodies?
monocyte
neutrophil
B cell
Plasma B cell
basophil
plasma B cell
54
IgG antibodies:
first produced during initial infection
most abundant in blood
pentamers
present in mother’s milk
promote allergies
most abundant in blood
55
Lymphocytes involved in “cell-mediated” adaptive response are:
B cells
macrophages
T cells
neutrophils
T cells
56
Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE?
it is transmitted by direct contact
it is caused by papillomaviruses
it can lead to cervical cancer in women
lesions are always precancerous
lesions are always precancerous
57
An example of a latent viral infection is:
genital herpes
smallpox
flu
rhinovirus infection
rabies
genital herpes
58
Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the:
small intestine and large intestine
stomach
stomach and small intestine
mouth
small and large intestine
59
Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries?
crevicular fluid
sucrose
lactic acid
lysozyme
lactic acid
60
Streptococcus mutants that cause dental caries are:
Gram +
Gram -
gram +
61
Periodontitis (and possible Alzheimer’s) is caused by:
Candida albicans
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Rickettsia ricketsii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
porphyromonas gingivalis
62
Shigella species are a common cause of gastrointestinal ________.
intoxications
infections
infections
63
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of gastrointestinal _________.
infections
intoxications
intoxications
64
The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is:
Salmonella enterica
Helicobacter pylori
Escherichia coli
Shigella species
E. coil
65
Salmonella typhi is a causative agent of:
Botulism
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Shigellosis
Typhoid fever
66
How Dysentery is different from Diarrhea?
it is a severe diarrhea
all of the above
usually due to infection of the large intestine
mucus and blood can be present in the stools
all
67
"Rice water" stools and dehydration are characteristic of:
bacillary dysentery
amebic dysentery
cholera
salmonellosis
cholera
68
Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with:
antitoxin
penicillin
quinacrine
water and electrolytes
thorough cooking
water and electrolytes
69
Intestinal flu is caused by
flu virus
rotavirus
Escherichia coli
coronavirus
rhinovirus
rotavirus
70
Helicobacter pylori is responsible for:
dysentery
peptic ulcer disease
pneumonia
cholera
peptic ulcer disease
71
Enzyme urase:
secreted by Helicobacter pylori
all is correct
important for Helicobacter pylori survival in the stomach
involved in neutralization of stomach HCl
all is correct
72
Disease caused by fecal-oral transmission are:
all of these are transmitted by fecal-oral route
Shigellosis
Typhoid fever
Hepatitis A
Cholera
all of these
73
Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by:
biological vectors
contaminated food and water
unpasteurized milk
exposure to contaminated soil
contaminated food and water
74
Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver?
Salmonella enterica
Vibrio cholerae
Escherichia coli
Shigella spp.
Hepatitis A virus
hepatitis A virus
75
Infection of the brain is also called:
meningitis
encephalitis
hepatitis
colitis
encephalitis
76
Bacterial encephalitis difficult to treat because:
-the infections move along peripheral nerves
-antibiotics damage nervous tissue
-many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier
-no medications exist for treatment of these infections
-it is very difficult to determine the causative microbe
many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier
77
All of the following can directly cause meningitis EXCEPT:
Neisseria meningitidis
Mycobacterium leprae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium leprae
78
Arboviruses cause ________ and are transmitted by ________.
encephalitis; mosquitoes
encephalitis; dog bites
meningitis; mosquitoes
both meningitis and encephalitis; mosquitoes
meningitis; bee stings
encephalitis; mosquitoes
79
Which of the following statements about rabies is FALSE?
-it is caused by Lyssavirus
-results in formation of Negri bodies in infected neurons
-most infections in the U.S. are the result of bites from infected dogs
-virus infects the cells of the nervous system
-diagnosis is based on immunofluorescent techniques
most infections in the U.S. are the result of bites from infected dogs
80
Botulism and Tetanus is caused by a member of which genus?
Clostridium
Mycobacterium
Vibrio
Bacillus
Lactobacillus
clostridium
81
Tetanus and Botulism toxins are "AB toxins". Which of the following describes the enzymatic activity of tetanus toxin and of botulism toxin?
reverse transcriptase
DNA ligase
protease
ATPase
beta-galactosidase
protease
82
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
-rabies virus – destroys cells of the CNS
-botulism – stimulates transmission of nerve impulse
-poliomyelitis – multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine
-tetanus – releases potent neurotoxin
-leprosy – deformation of nose and hands can occur
botulism – stimulates transmission of nerve impulse
83
A pathologist detects Negri bodies while examining a brain section taken at autopsy. What was the cause of death?
bacterial meningitis
poliomyelitis
Hansen's disease
viral encephalitis
rabies
rabies
84
Streptococcus pyogenes infection may cause:
warts
erysipelas
scaled skin syndrome
otitis
erysipelas
85
Exfoliative toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for:
scalded skin syndrome
impetigo
otitis externa
fever blisters
scalded skin syndrome
86
Tinea pedis infection results in:
warts
diaper rash
ringworm disease
rabies
ringworm disease
87
A 65-year-old woman has a red, raised rash on the inside of her thighs. Stained skin scrapings show large budding cells with pseudo-hyphae. The infection is caused by:
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida albicans
Varicella-Zoster virus
Herpes simplex virus
Streptococcus pyogenes
candida albicans
88
