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Exam #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Yohimbine (Yobine)

A

alpha 2 antagonist

Naturally occuring alkaloid

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2
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

Non-selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Lipid Soluble

Without ISA

alpha blocking and antioxidant properties

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3
Q

Labetalol

A

Non-selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Water Soluble

With ISA

alpha blocking activity

used for hypertension in pregnancy

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4
Q

With ISA Beta Blocker Effects

A

Increase the HR at rest but decrease it during exercise

Less likely to effect lipid profile

Overall uncertain clinical significance

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5
Q

Metyrosine

A

Affect Noradrenergic Neurons

Helps control blood pressure and sweating

Blocks Catecholamine synthesis by inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase, which would eventually lead to adrenaline production.

Side effects of sedation and drowsiness

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6
Q

Reserpine

A

Affects Noradrenergic Neurons

Blocks the transportation of norepinepherine into vessicles, making it accululate in the cytoplasma

Was used to treat hypertension - ineffective

Major side effect of depression

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7
Q

Guanethidine

A

Affects Noradrenergic Neurons

Neuron blocking drug

inhibits the release of norepinepherine from adrenergic nerve terminal

Displaces NE in the synaptic vesicles, causing long lasting depletion of NE similar to reserpine

Used to treat hypertension

Side effects of postural hypotension, diarrhea, nasal congestion, failure of ejaculation

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8
Q

Trimethaphan

A

Autonomic nicotinic ganglia blocker

non-depolarizing competitive antagonist

produces controlled hypotension during surgery

lowers blood pressure through decreasing heart rate and contractility. Also decreases sympathetic reflex

used in PTs with acute aortic dissection and pulmonary edema

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9
Q

Botox

A

Inhibition of acetylcholine release

local anesthetic

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10
Q

Tubocurarine

A

Blockade of nicotinic cholinergic receptors at NMJ

Non-depolarizing competitive inhibitors

paralyses, but is not a anesthetic

rapid onset and not access to the brain

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11
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Prolonged agonist action at Nm receptors

depolarizing non-competitive agonist

Muscle relaxant during surgery and coma

hydrolyzed by plasma esterases

two phases - depolarization (muscle no longer responsive to Ach) and slow repolarization

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12
Q

Bethanechol

A

Cholanergic agonist

Predominantly Muscarinic

GI and Urinary tract target

Treats bladder and GI hypotonia

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13
Q

Cevimeline

A

Cholanergic agonist

Targets M3

Treats Sjogrens syndrome

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14
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Treats sinus bradycardia

Dries secretions for anesthetic premedication

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15
Q

Tropicamide

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Dilate the pupils

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16
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Dilate the pupils

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17
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Treatment for Parkinson’s

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18
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Bronchodilation, treatment for asthma and COPD

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19
Q

Tiotropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Bronchodilation, treatment for asthma and COPD

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20
Q

dicycloverine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Anti-spasmodic for those with IBS

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21
Q

Darifenacin

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Relive symptoms of overactive bladder

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22
Q

Phentolamine

A

Non-selective alpha antagonist

Irreversible

High agonist concentrations can overcome the effect

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23
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Non-selective alpha antagonist

Irreversible

High agonist concentrations can overcome the effect

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24
Q

Prazosin (Minipress)

A

alpha 1 antagonist

Short 1/2 life

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25
Q

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A

Alpha 1 antagonist

Longer 1/2 life

26
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

B1 Selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Water Soluble

Without ISA

27
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

B1 Selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Lipid Soluble

Without ISA

28
Q

Nadolol

A

Non-selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Water Soluble

Without ISA

Longest Half life

29
Q

Pindolol

A

Non-selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Lipid Soluble

With ISA

30
Q

Nebivolol

A

B1 selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Water Soluble

With beta-3 agonist ISA

Nitric oxide release

31
Q

Esmolol

A

B1 selective adrenoceptor antagonist

Water Soluble

Without ISA

Ultra Short acting

32
Q

Non-selective Beta Blocker effects

A

Can cause bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients which does not respond to B-2 agonist bronchodilators

33
Q

B1 selective blockers Effects

A

LESS likely to cause severe bronchoconstriction

34
Q

Lipid Soluble Beta Blocker Effects

A

More metabolized by the liver, have shorter 1/2 lives, can pass BBB (nightmares)

35
Q

Water Soluble Beta Blocker Effects

A

More excreted by the kidney, have longer 1/2 lives, do not pass BBB

36
Q

Neostigmine

A

inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis

Increases Ach concentration at synaptic clefts

37
Q

Sugammadex

A

Selective relaxant binding agent

cyclo dextrin derivative that encapsulates and bind curare-like drugs

38
Q

M2

A

Cardiac: heart and presyaptic on cholinergic neurons

39
Q

M3

A

Granular/SM: exocrine glands and smooth muscle

40
Q

M5

A

dopaminergic neurons in the brain

41
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholanergic Agonist

Eye target

Treats glaucoma

42
Q

Hyoscine (scopolamine)

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Prevention of Motion sickness

Dry secretions for Pre-surgury (Anethetic and endoscopy)

43
Q

Benzhexol

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Treatment for Parkinson’s

44
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Relive symptoms of overactive bladder

45
Q

Tolerodine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Relive symptoms of overactive bladder

46
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

A

alpha 1A antagonist

More selective towards bladder and cause less hypotension

47
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

Non-selective B adrenoceptor antagonist

Lipid soluble

Without ISA

48
Q

M1

A

Neural: Brain areas involved in learning and memory

49
Q

M4

A

CNS: presynaptic on cholinergic neurons

50
Q

Pyridiostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Increase Ach at Synaptic cleft

51
Q

Pancuronium

A

Mimic of Tubocurarine

long acting

52
Q

Vecuronium

A

Mimic of Tubocurarine

Intermediate acting

53
Q

Rocuronium

A

Mimic of Tubocurarine

Intermediate acting

54
Q

Atracurium

A

Mimic of Tubocurarine

Short acting

55
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic agonist

Specificity for cardiac (M2)

56
Q

Carbachol

A

Muscarinic agonist

No specificity, similar to Ach

57
Q

Distigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Specificity for Bladder and GI

58
Q

Tacrine (Cognex)

A

Carbamate (cholinesterase inhibitor)

59
Q

Donepazil (Aricept)

A

Carbamate (cholinesterase inhibitor)

Treats Alzheimer

60
Q

Galantamine (Razadyne)

A

Carbamate (cholinesterase inhibitor)

Treats Alzheimer’s

61
Q

Rivastigmine (Exelon)

A

Carbamate (cholinesterase inhibitor)

Treats Alzheimer’s

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